In
the
absence
of
directional
motion
it
is
often
hard
to
recognize
athermal
fluctuations.
Probability
currents
provide
such
a
measure
in
terms
rate
at
which
they
enclose
area
reduced
phase
space.
We
this
enclosing
for
trapped
colloidal
particles,
where
only
one
particle
driven.
By
combining
experiment,
theory,
and
simulation,
we
single
out
effect
different
time
scales
system
on
measured
probability
currents.
controlled
experimental
setup,
particles
interact
hydrodynamically.
These
interactions
lead
strong
spatial
dependence
local
influence
agitation.
multiple-particle
system,
show
that
even
when
driving
acts
particle,
occur
between
other,
non-driven
particles.
This
may
have
significant
implications
interpretation
fluctuations
biological
systems
containing
elastic
networks
addition
suspending
fluid.
Developing
a
thermodynamic
theory
of
computation
is
challenging
task
at
the
interface
nonequilibrium
thermodynamics
and
computer
science.
In
particular,
this
requires
dealing
with
difficulties
such
as
stochastic
halting
times,
unidirectional
(possibly
deterministic)
transitions,
restricted
initial
conditions,
features
common
in
real-world
computers.
Here,
we
present
framework
which
tackles
all
by
extending
martingale
to
generic
nonstationary
Markovian
processes,
including
those
broken
detailed
balance
and/or
absolute
irreversibility.
We
derive
several
universal
fluctuation
relations
second-law-like
inequalities
that
provide
both
lower
upper
bounds
on
intrinsic
dissipation
(mismatch
cost)
associated
any
periodic
process—in
processes
underlying
current
digital
computation.
Crucially,
these
apply
even
if
process
has
stopping
it
does
many
computational
machines.
illustrate
our
results
exhaustive
numerical
simulations
deterministic
finite
automata
processing
bit
strings,
one
fundamental
models
from
theoretical
also
equalities
for
acceptance
probability
words
given
length
automaton
terms
quantities,
outline
connections
between
science
resetting.
Our
results,
while
motivated
context,
are
applicable
far
more
broadly.
Published
American
Physical
Society
2024
Enzymes
facilitate
the
conversion
of
chemical
energy
into
mechanical
work
during
biochemical
reactions,
thereby
regulating
dynamic
metabolic
activity
living
systems.
However,
directly
observing
release
facilitated
by
fluctuating
individual
enzymes
remains
a
challenge,
leading
to
contentious
debate
regarding
underlying
reasons
for
this
phenomenon.
Here,
we
aim
overcome
challenge
developing
an
oscillating
nanomotor
powered
single-molecule
enzyme,
which
allows
real-time
tracking
transduction
in
enzymatic
reactions.
Through
analysis
shifts
free
profiles
within
nanomotors,
our
results
unveil
not
only
heterogeneous
patterns
enzyme
molecules
but
also
disorder
particular
over
extended
monitoring
periods.
By
exploring
six
distinct
types
provide
direct
evidence
supporting
argument
that
reaction
enthalpy
governs
release.
This
approach
has
implications
understanding
mechanism
catalysis
and
highly
efficient
nanomotors.
Communications Physics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2024
Observing
stochastic
trajectories
with
rare
transitions
between
states,
practically
undetectable
on
time
scales
accessible
to
experiments,
makes
it
impossible
directly
quantify
the
entropy
production
and
thus
infer
whether
how
far
systems
are
from
equilibrium.
To
solve
this
issue
for
Markovian
jump
dynamics,
we
show
a
lower
bound
that
outperforms
any
other
estimation
of
(including
Bayesian
approaches)
in
regimes
lacking
data
due
strong
irreversibility
state
transitions.
Moreover,
limit
complete
irreversibility,
our
effective
version
thermodynamic
uncertainty
relation
sets
depends
only
nondissipative
aspects
dynamics.
Such
an
approach
is
also
valuable
when
dealing
dynamics
deterministic
limit,
such
as
irreversible
chemical
reactions.
Measuring
great
challenge
especially
complex
featuring
multiple
timescales.
The
authors
introduce
existing
methods,
particularly
limited
single
EPL (Europhysics Letters),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
146(2), С. 27001 - 27001
Опубликована: Март 15, 2024
Abstract
We
develop
a
framework
for
the
stochastic
thermodynamics
of
probe
coupled
to
fluctuating
medium
with
spatio-temporal
correlations,
described
by
scalar
field.
For
Brownian
particle
dragged
harmonic
trap
through
Gaussian
field,
we
show
that
near
criticality
(where
field
displays
long-range
spatial
correlations)
spatially-resolved
average
heat
flux
develops
dipolar
structure,
where
is
absorbed
in
front
and
dissipated
behind
particle.
Moreover,
perturbative
calculation
reveals
power
three
distinct
dynamical
regimes
depending
on
drag
velocity.
Physical review. E,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
110(3)
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024
The
structure
of
a
complex
network
plays
crucial
role
in
determining
its
dynamical
properties.
In
this
paper
,
we
show
that
the
degree
to
which
is
directed
and
hierarchically
organized
closely
associated
with
dynamics
break
detailed
balance
produce
entropy.
We
consider
range
processes
how
different
features
affect
their
entropy
production
rate.
begin
an
analytical
treatment
two-node
followed
by
numerical
simulations
synthetic
networks
using
preferential
attachment
Erdös-Renyi
algorithms.
Next,
analyze
collection
97
empirical
determine
effect
real-world
topologies.
Finally,
present
simple
method
for
inferring
broken
from
multivariate
time
series
apply
our
identify
non-equilibrium
hierarchical
organisation
both
human
neuroimaging
financial
series.
Overall,
results
shed
light
on
consequences
highlight
importance
ubiquity
systems.
Published
American
Physical
Society
2024
Physical Review Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
133(15)
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024
Biological
and
living
organisms
sense
process
information
from
their
surroundings,
typically
having
access
only
to
a
subset
of
external
observables
for
limited
amount
time.
In
this
Letter,
we
uncover
how
biological
systems
can
exploit
these
accessible
degrees
freedom
transduce
the
inaccessible
ones
with
energy
budget.
We
find
that
optimal
transduction
strategies
may
boost
harvesting
over
ideal
case
in
which
all
are
known,
even
when
finite-time
trajectories
observed,
at
price
higher
dissipation.
apply
our
results
red
blood
cells,
inferring
implemented
strategy
membrane
flickering
data
shedding
light
on
connection
between
mechanical
stress
efficiency.
Our
framework
offers
novel
insights
into
adaptive
under
nonequilibrium
conditions.
Physical Review Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
133(6)
Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024
We
prove
that
the
transport
of
any
differentiable
scalar
observable
in
d-dimensional
nonequilibrium
systems
is
bounded
from
above
by
total
entropy
production
scaled
amount
observation
"stretches"
microscopic
coordinates.
The
result-a
time-integrated
generalized
speed
limit-reflects
thermodynamic
cost
observables,
and
places
underdamped
overdamped
stochastic
dynamics
on
equal
footing
with
deterministic
motion.
Our
work
allows
for
thermodynamics
to
make
contact
bulk
experiments,
fills
an
important
gap
inference,
since
is,
at
least
short
times,
underdamped.
Requiring
only
averages
but
not
sample-to-sample
fluctuations,
proven
bound
practical
applicable
single-molecule
also
experiments
where
are
observed,
which
we
demonstrate
examples.
results
may
facilitate
inference
molecular
machines
without
obvious
directionality
observations
transients
probed,
e.g.,
time-resolved
x-ray
scattering.
Physical Review Letters,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
134(8)
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025
An
integral
relation
is
derived
from
the
Fokker-Planck
equation
which
connects
steady-state
probability
currents
with
dynamics
of
relaxation
on
short
timescales
in
limit
small
perturbation
fields.
As
a
consequence
this
relation,
general
lower
bound
entropy
production
obtained.
Two
particular
ensembles
fields
are
then
considered,
respectively
constant
gradients
and
density
displacements,
correspondingly
two
different
averaging-based
thermodynamic
bounds
relation.
These
provide
feasible
methods
to
estimate
experiments.
