Unraveling the diversity and cultural heritage of fruit crops through paleogenomics

Trends in Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 40(5), С. 398 - 409

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Abundant and plentiful fruit crops are threatened by the loss of diverse legacy cultivars which being replaced a limited set high-yielding ones. This article delves into potential paleogenomics that utilizes ancient DNA analysis to revive lost diversity. By focusing on grapevines, date palms, tomatoes, recent studies showcase effectiveness paleogenomic techniques in identifying understanding genetic traits crucial for crop resilience, disease resistance, nutritional value. The approach not only tracks landrace dispersal introgression but also sheds light domestication events. In face major future environmental challenges, integrating with modern breeding strategies emerges as promising avenue significantly bolster sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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Century-long timelines of herbarium genomes predict plant stomatal response to climate change

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(9), С. 1641 - 1653

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

Abstract Dissecting plant responses to the environment is key understanding whether and how plants adapt anthropogenic climate change. Stomata, plants’ pores for gas exchange, are expected decrease in density following increased CO 2 concentrations, a trend already observed multiple species. However, it unclear such based on genetic changes evolutionary adaptation. Here we make use of extensive knowledge 43 genes stomatal development pathway newly generated genome information 191 Arabidopsis thaliana historical herbarium specimens collected over 193 years directly link variation with While find that essential transcription factors SPCH, MUTE FAMA, central development, under strong constraints, several regulators show signs local adaptation contemporary samples from different geographic regions. We then develop functional score known effects gene knock-out recovers classic pattern past centuries, suggesting component contributing this This approach combining genomics experimental could allow further investigations different, even unmeasurable, cellular phenotypes may have responded change through adaptive evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Mind the lag: understanding genetic extinction debt for conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Qualitative vs. quantitative morphology of seeds of an Italian critically endangered Hawkweed as predictor of germination capacity

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Museum genomics reveals temporal genetic stasis and global genetic diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Abstract Global patterns of population genetic variation through time offer a window into evolutionary processes that maintain diversity. Over time, lineages may expand or contract their distribution, causing turnover in composition. At individual loci, migration, drift, environmental change (among other processes) affect allele frequencies. Museum specimens widely distributed species unique the genetics understudied populations and changes over time. Here, we sequenced genomes 130 herbarium 91 new field collections Arabidopsis thaliana combined these with published genomes. We sought broader view genomic diversity across species, to test if composition is changing documented extensive previously uncharacterized range Africa, are under threat from anthropogenic climate change. Through did not find dramatic populations. Instead, found pattern every 100 years same magnitude seen when comparing Eurasian 185 km apart, potentially due combination drift selection. only mixed signals polygenic adaptation at phenology physiology QTL. genes conserved eudicots show altered levels directional frequency change, variable purifying background Our study highlights how museum can reveal dimensions wild evolving recent history.

Язык: Английский

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Making the most of herbaria. A commentary on ‘Integrating datasets from herbarium specimens and images to treat a Neotropical myrtle species complex’

Annals of Botany, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the utility of deep genome skimming for phylogenomic analyses: a case study in the species-rich genus Rhododendron

Plant Diversity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The destructive sampling conundrum and guidelines for effective and ethical sampling of herbaria

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

The use of herbaria for science and conservation is revolutionizing the discovery, exploration, protection biodiversity at unprecedented scopes scales. Global Metaherbarium—a digitally interlinked, open-access resource—is stimulating these efforts helping to facilitate massive investigations that utilize aggregated digital derivatives physical herbarium specimens. Simultaneously, growing this virtual resource expanding collections by researchers from many scholarly domains who increasingly are sampling specimens multiomic (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, microbiomics). These leading new scientific insights supporting development actions, but they come with a substantial cost: (partial) destruction priceless often irreplaceable specimens, which constitute global heritage should be permanently safeguarded future reference. absence comprehensive set “best practices” destructively leads confusion uncertainty institutions alike risks over-exploitation precious when research executed. Here, we provide best practices aimed reducing uncertainties creating framework sustainably ethically Our recommendations intended two complementary overlapping audiences—users stewards—who together build, use, protect collections.

Язык: Английский

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The 2030 Declaration on Scientific Plant and Fungal Collecting

Plants People Planet, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1), С. 11 - 22

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024

Societal Impact Statement Biological samples and their associated information are an essential resource used by scientists, governments, policymakers, practitioners communities to ensure that biodiversity can be appropriately protected sustainably used. Yet, considering the enormous task of documenting vast numbers as‐yet‐unknown plant fungal species, greater international coordination for biological collecting recording is necessary, built on equitable practices standards. Here, we propose five commitments accelerate enhance scientific knowledge diversity, while increasing collaboration, benefit sharing efficiency. Summary Almost all life depends plants fungi, making diversity distribution—primarily derived from collections—fundamental national conservation, restoration sustainable use commitments. However, it estimated some 15% species over 90% have not yet been scientifically described, hampering our ability assess demonstrate impact efforts halt loss. In addition, organisations researchers around world lack a concerted strategy complementarity avoiding overlap in botanical mycological research, particularly relation collection specimens. We here present 2030 Declaration Scientific Plant Fungal Collecting, summarising commitment towards such necessary strategy. Its components were identified discussions during after series four workshops plenary at 2023 State World's Plants Fungi symposium convened Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, then consolidated into form authors. The was subsequently opened up endorsement signatories. Collectively, agree set cataloguing world's flora funga, designed maximise efficiency, facilitate exchange promote collaborations: (1) evidence‐based strategies; (2) strengthen local capacity; (3) collaborate across taxa disciplines; (4) collect future; (5) share benefits. This first step increased global regional efforts.

Язык: Английский

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FORMING A LARGE, MULTICENTRE HERBARIUM: HERBARIUM HAUSSKNECHT (JE) JOINS HERBARIUM SENCKENBERGIANUM

Taxon, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

Язык: Английский

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