Laboratories
in
chemistry,
biochemistry,
and
materials
science
are
at
the
leading
edge
of
technology,
discovering
molecules
to
unlock
capabilities
energy,
catalysis,
biotechnology,
sustainability,
electronics,
more.
Yet,
most
modern
laboratories
resemble
factories
from
generations
past,
with
a
large
reliance
on
humans
manually
performing
synthesis
characterization
tasks.
Robotics
automation
can
enable
scientific
experiments
be
conducted
faster,
more
safely,
accurately,
greater
reproducibility,
allowing
scientists
tackle
societal
problems
domains
such
as
health
energy
shorter
timescale.
We
define
five
levels
laboratory
automation,
assistance
full
automation.
also
introduce
robotics
research
challenges
that
arise
when
increasing
generality
tasks
within
laboratory.
Robots
poised
transform
labs
into
automated
discovery
accelerate
progress.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(16), С. 9633 - 9732
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024
Self-driving
laboratories
(SDLs)
promise
an
accelerated
application
of
the
scientific
method.
Through
automation
experimental
workflows,
along
with
autonomous
planning,
SDLs
hold
potential
to
greatly
accelerate
research
in
chemistry
and
materials
discovery.
This
review
provides
in-depth
analysis
state-of-the-art
SDL
technology,
its
applications
across
various
disciplines,
implications
for
industry.
additionally
overview
enabling
technologies
SDLs,
including
their
hardware,
software,
integration
laboratory
infrastructure.
Most
importantly,
this
explores
diverse
range
domains
where
have
made
significant
contributions,
from
drug
discovery
science
genomics
chemistry.
We
provide
a
comprehensive
existing
real-world
examples
different
levels
automation,
challenges
limitations
associated
each
domain.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
635(8040), С. 890 - 897
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024
Abstract
Autonomous
laboratories
can
accelerate
discoveries
in
chemical
synthesis,
but
this
requires
automated
measurements
coupled
with
reliable
decision-making
1,2
.
Most
autonomous
involve
bespoke
equipment
3–6
,
and
reaction
outcomes
are
often
assessed
using
a
single,
hard-wired
characterization
technique
7
Any
algorithms
8
must
then
operate
narrow
range
of
data
9,10
By
contrast,
manual
experiments
tend
to
draw
on
wider
instruments
characterize
products,
decisions
rarely
taken
based
one
measurement
alone.
Here
we
show
that
synthesis
laboratory
be
integrated
into
an
by
mobile
robots
11–13
make
human-like
way.
Our
modular
workflow
combines
robots,
platform,
liquid
chromatography–mass
spectrometer
benchtop
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
spectrometer.
This
allows
share
existing
human
researchers
without
monopolizing
it
or
requiring
extensive
redesign.
A
heuristic
decision-maker
processes
the
orthogonal
data,
selecting
successful
reactions
take
forward
automatically
checking
reproducibility
any
screening
hits.
We
exemplify
approach
three
areas
structural
diversification
chemistry,
supramolecular
host–guest
chemistry
photochemical
synthesis.
strategy
is
particularly
suited
exploratory
yield
multiple
potential
as
for
assemblies,
where
also
extend
method
function
assay
evaluating
binding
properties.
JACS Au,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(8), С. 2746 - 2766
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024
Photocatalysis
is
a
versatile
and
rapidly
developing
field
with
applications
spanning
artificial
photosynthesis,
photo-biocatalysis,
photoredox
catalysis
in
solution
or
supramolecular
structures,
utilization
of
abundant
metals
organocatalysts,
sustainable
synthesis,
plastic
degradation.
In
this
Perspective,
we
summarize
conclusions
from
an
interdisciplinary
workshop
young
principal
investigators
held
at
the
Lorentz
Center
Leiden
March
2023.
We
explore
how
diverse
fields
within
photocatalysis
can
benefit
one
another.
delve
into
intricate
interplay
between
these
subdisciplines,
by
highlighting
unique
challenges
opportunities
presented
each
multidisciplinary
approach
drive
innovation
lead
to
solutions
for
future.
Advanced
collaboration
knowledge
exchange
across
domains
further
enhance
potential
photocatalysis.
Artificial
photosynthesis
has
become
promising
technology
solar
fuel
generation,
instance,
via
water
splitting
CO
Abstract
Since
2020,
covalent
organic
frameworks
(COFs)
are
emerging
as
robust
catalysts
for
the
photosynthesis
of
hydrogen
peroxide
(H
2
O
),
benefiting
from
their
distinct
advantages.
However,
current
efficiency
H
production
and
solar‐to‐chemical
energy
conversion
(SCC)
remain
suboptimal
due
to
various
constraints
in
reaction
mechanism.
Therefore,
there
is
an
imperative
propose
improvement
strategies
accelerate
development
this
system.
This
comprehensive
review
delineates
recent
advances,
challenges,
utilizing
COFs
photocatalytic
production.
It
explores
fundamentals
challenges
(e.g.,
oxygen
(O
)
mass
transfer
rate,
adsorption
capacity,
response
sunlight,
electron‐hole
separation
efficiency,
charge
selectivity,
desorption)
associated
with
process,
well
advantages,
applications,
classification,
preparation
purpose.
Various
enhance
performance
highlighted.
The
aims
stimulate
further
advancements
discusses
potential
prospects,
application
areas
field.
Applied Physics Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Scaling
up
photocatalytic
systems
for
large-scale
hydrogen
generation
holds
transformative
potential
sustainable
energy
but
faces
significant
technical
and
economic
challenges
in
transitioning
from
lab-scale
experiments
to
industrial
applications.
This
review
delves
into
recent
innovations
that
drive
progress
this
field,
including
advanced
materials
developed
improved
efficiency
stability,
as
well
innovative
reactor
designs
optimize
light
capture
reactant
flow.
It
also
examines
practical
strategies
the
integration
of
these
with
renewable
sources,
focusing
on
their
scalability
cost-effectiveness.
Key
addressed
include
mass
transport
limitations,
utilization,
catalyst
longevity,
accompanied
by
emerging
solutions
aim
overcome
hurdles.
The
comprehensively
explores
intersection
technological
advancements
feasibility,
emphasizing
environmental
considerations
necessary
implementation
production.
Emphasizing
most
developments
strategic
approaches,
outlines
a
pathway
advancing
technologies.
Abstract
Flow
processing
offers
many
opportunities
to
optimize
reactions
in
a
rapid
and
automated
manner,
yet
often
requires
relatively
large
quantities
of
input
materials.
To
combat
this,
the
use
flexible
slug
flow
reactor,
equipped
with
two
analytical
instruments,
for
low‐volume
optimization
experiments
are
reported.
A
Buchwald–Hartwig
amination
toward
drug
olanzapine,
6
independent
optimizable
variables,
is
optimized
using
three
different
approaches:
self‐optimization,
design
experiments,
kinetic
modeling.
These
approaches
complementary
provide
differing
information
on
reaction:
pareto
optimal
operating
points,
response
surface
models,
mechanistic
respectively.
The
results
achieved
<10%
material
that
would
be
required
standard
operation.
Finally,
chemometric
model
built
utilizing
data
handling
subsequent
validation
demonstrate
good
agreement
between
reactor
(larger
scale)
reactor.
JACS Au,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(7), С. 2585 - 2595
Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024
Light-mediated
reactions
have
emerged
as
an
indispensable
tool
in
organic
synthesis
and
drug
discovery,
enabling
novel
transformations
providing
access
to
previously
unexplored
chemical
space.
Despite
their
widespread
application
both
academic
industrial
research,
the
utilization
of
light
energy
source
still
encounters
challenges
regarding
reproducibility
data
robustness.
Herein
we
present
a
comprehensive
head-to-head
comparison
commercially
available
batch
photoreactors,
alongside
introduction
use
flow
photoreactors
parallel
synthesis.
Hence,
aim
establish
reliable
consistent
platform
for
light-mediated
high-throughput
mode.
Herein,
showcase
identification
several
platforms
aligning
with
rigorous
demands
efficient
robust
experimentation
screenings
library
