Speciation completion rates have limited impact on macroevolutionary diversification

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1919)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Standard birth–death (BD) processes used in macroevolutionary studies assume instantaneous speciation, an unrealistic premise that limits the interpretation of speciation and extinction rates. The protracted (PBD) model instead assumes involves two steps: initiation completion. In order to understand their respective influence on rates, we compute a standard time-varying BD scenario is ‘equivalent’ PBD terms probabilities. First, find sharp decline equivalent birth rate near present, indicating rates estimated at tips phylogenies may not accurately reflect underlying process. Second, completion controls timing decay rather than asymptotic past scales with rate, scaling factor depending mostly population rate. Our results suggest formation often play larger role speed accumulation reproductive isolation modulating study establishes theoretical framework for understanding how microevolutionary combine explain diversification species time scales. This article part theme issue ‘“A mathematical theory evolution”: phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenetic Insights into Diversification

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 55(1), С. 1 - 21

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

Species diversification—the balance between speciation and extinction—is fundamental to our understanding of how species richness varies in space time throughout the Tree Life. Phylogenetic approaches provide insights into diversification by enabling support for alternative scenarios be compared extinction rates estimated. Here, we review current toolkit available conducting such analyses. We first highlight modeling efforts over past decade have fostered a notable transition from overly simplistic evolutionary more nuanced why vary through across lineages. Using latitudinal diversity gradient as case study, then illustrate impact that choices can on results obtained. Finally, recent progress two areas are still lagging behind: phylogenetic microbial process.

Язык: Английский

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The diffused evolutionary dynamics of morphological novelty

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(18)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Rates of evolution are fundamental to understand the processes that shaped history life. The predominant view holds high rates phenotypic result from lineage transitions across peaks in an adaptive landscape, with subsequent slow-downs, but evidence remains debated. I developed a phylogenetic "diffused Brownian motion" model characterizes nuanced variations evolutionary and use it comprehensively assess body size its underlying for 2,950 extinct 792 extant species span over 450 Mys evolution. find do not conform expectations landscape theory, rather have been stable, unaffected by accumulation disparity. Long-term trends, such as several net increases clade-average size, both sustained at level sorting phenotypes their clade level, sometimes acting opposite directions. These findings substantiate active role shaping environment generate continuous novelty life forms.

Язык: Английский

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A theoretical framework linking the birth-death and protracted birth-death models, with implications for the phylogenetic analysis of diversification

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024

Abstract Standard birth-death processes used in macroevolutionary studies assume instantaneous speciation, an unrealistic premise that limits the interpretation of speciation and extinction rates. The protracted (PBD) model instead assumes involves two steps: initiation completion. In order to understand their respective influence on rates, we compute a standard time-varying scenario is “equivalent” PBD terms probabilities. First, find sharp decline equivalent birth rate near present, indicating rates estimated at tips phylogenies may not accurately reflect underlying process. Second, completion controls timing decay rather than asymptotic past scales with rate, scaling factor depending mostly population rate. Our results suggest formation often play larger role speed accumulation reproductive isolation modulating study establishes theoretical framework for understanding how microevolutionary combine explain diversification species time scales.

Язык: Английский

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FRACTAL DIFFUSION IN AN ISOTROPOUS MEDIUM

Fractals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(06)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of fractal diffusion in an isotropic medium. process has fascinating temporal memory and extremely high initial response, which are unquestionably characterized by the Caputo fractional derivative. Its spatio-symmetric property is described Riesz To illustrate mechanism, we present example toxic gas leak subway station. The numerical results promising challenging. They clearly indicate that MEMS-based sensor can track immediately due to its fast at time. great importance for public safety. Furthermore, primarily contingent upon density air, easily control. pattern medium exhibits behavior, helpful designing emergency system evacuating people from center leaks changing air or temperature. presents rigorous mathematical concept monitoring systems early warning leaks.

Язык: Английский

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