Journal of Biomedical Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
31(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024
Abstract
Human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1
(HIV-1)
vaccine
immunogens
capable
of
inducing
broadly
neutralizing
antibodies
(bNAbs)
remain
obscure.
HIV-1
evades
immune
responses
through
enormous
diversity
and
hides
its
conserved
vulnerable
epitopes
on
the
envelope
glycoprotein
(Env)
by
displaying
an
extensive
immunodominant
glycan
shield.
In
elite
viremic
controllers,
glycan-dependent
bNAbs
targeting
Env
have
been
isolated
are
utilized
as
design
templates.
However,
immunological
tolerance
mechanisms
limit
development
these
in
general
population.
The
well
characterized
monoclonal
variants
frequently
exhibit
levels
somatic
hypermutation,
a
long
third
heavy
chain
complementary
determining
region,
or
short
light
complementarity
some
poly-reactivity
to
autoantigens.
This
review
elaborates
obstacles
engaging
manipulating
effective
immunogen
describes
alternative
reverse
vaccinology
approach
develop
novel
category
bNAb-epitope-derived
non-cognate
for
design.
Graphical
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2024
SUMMARY
Rare
B
cells
can
have
special
pathogen-recognition
features
giving
them
the
potential
to
make
outsized
contributions
protective
immunity.
However,
rare
naive
infrequently
participate
in
immune
responses.
We
investigated
how
germline-targeting
vaccine
antigen
delivery
and
adjuvant
selection
affect
priming
of
exceptionally
BG18-like
HIV
broadly
neutralizing
antibody-precursor
(~1
50
million)
non-human
primates.
Only
escalating
dose
(ED)
immunization
using
saponin
SMNP
elicited
detectable
germinal
centers
(GCs).
All
groups
had
strong
GC
responses,
but
only
ED+SMNP
bolus+SMNP
induced
memory
>50%
animals.
One
group
vaccine-specific
responses
equivalent
ED+SMNP,
were
rarely
detected.
Following
homologous
boosting,
more
frequent
a
bolus
group,
lower
somatic
hypermutation
affinities.
This
outcome
was
inversely
associated
with
post-prime
antibody
titers,
suggesting
feedback
significantly
influence
precursor
cell
Journal of Biomedical Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
31(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024
Abstract
Human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1
(HIV-1)
vaccine
immunogens
capable
of
inducing
broadly
neutralizing
antibodies
(bNAbs)
remain
obscure.
HIV-1
evades
immune
responses
through
enormous
diversity
and
hides
its
conserved
vulnerable
epitopes
on
the
envelope
glycoprotein
(Env)
by
displaying
an
extensive
immunodominant
glycan
shield.
In
elite
viremic
controllers,
glycan-dependent
bNAbs
targeting
Env
have
been
isolated
are
utilized
as
design
templates.
However,
immunological
tolerance
mechanisms
limit
development
these
in
general
population.
The
well
characterized
monoclonal
variants
frequently
exhibit
levels
somatic
hypermutation,
a
long
third
heavy
chain
complementary
determining
region,
or
short
light
complementarity
some
poly-reactivity
to
autoantigens.
This
review
elaborates
obstacles
engaging
manipulating
effective
immunogen
describes
alternative
reverse
vaccinology
approach
develop
novel
category
bNAb-epitope-derived
non-cognate
for
design.
Graphical
