Knowledge transmission, culture and the consequences of social disruption in wild elephants

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1925)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Cultural knowledge is widely presumed to be important for elephants. In all three elephant species, individuals tend congregate around older conspecifics, creating opportunities social transmission. However, direct evidence of learning and cultural traditions in elephants scarce. Here, we briefly outline that then provide a systematic review how societies respond the loss potentially knowledgeable or transfer, which characterize as disruption. We consider observations from 95 peer-reviewed, primary research papers describe disruption networks via removal death individuals. Natural deaths were mentioned 14 papers, while 70 detailed human-caused Grouping descriptions according consequences behaviour sociality, demography fitness, show severely disrupted populations are less cohesive, may exhibit reduced fitness calf survival inappropriately threats predators. suggest severe can inhibit break potential pathways information transmission, providing indirect role transmission This has implications conservation amid increasing anthropogenic change across their habitats.This article part theme issue 'Animal culture: changing world'.

Язык: Английский

---

Overfishing Social Fish

Fish and Fisheries, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

ABSTRACT Social learning is common among vertebrates, including fish. Learning from others reduces the risk and costs of adaptation. In some longer‐lived species, social can lead to formation persistent groups that pass learned adaptations one generation next (culture). Variations in are subject natural selection, leading a second, fast‐paced, fine‐scale evolutionary process complements genetics enables adaptation peculiarities local areas. Socially knowledge stored mainly minds older fish subsequently inherited (learned) by younger Consequently, persistence locally adapted long‐lived requires inheritance genetic adaptations. Local populations learners not often recognised nor conserved fisheries managers. Fishing usually relative abundance far more than younger. We hypothesise fishing may impair eventually erase fish, loss stocks these species significant ecosystem‐wide changes. shift towards dependent on adaptations, i.e., invertebrates short‐lived The hypothesis leads directly idea conserving likely best accomplished protecting age structure or, generally, processes, such as learning, generate complexity an adaptive ecosystem. area‐based management aligned with processes capture learn about effect human activity at scale.

Язык: Английский

---

Food Quality and Life‐History Genotype Influence Maturation and Reproductive Traits in Female Atlantic Salmon

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 24, 2025

Age at maturity is an important life-history trait, often showing sex-specific variation, contributing to diversity in many species. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are excellent model system investigate genetic and environmental factors affecting maturation, yet few laboratory studies have focused on females as they mature later than males, average. Using a 4-year common-garden experiment of salmon, we assessed the influence diet (low-fat vs. control) vgll3 (a candidate gene influencing maturation age) related phenotypic traits female derived from two second-generation hatchery populations. We found early-maturation associated E allele be additively with higher probability maturation. Heritability was estimated 0.295, vgll3's contribution variance being ~2%. In addition, body condition measured spring prior spawning influenced Body condition, turn, by population diet. The more northern Oulu low-fat were lower compared southern Neva control Moreover, there interaction between suggesting that populations may respond differently nutrient availability. These results broaden our understanding processes underlying sex- population-specific demonstrate genes environment age species displays variation

Язык: Английский

---

Herring spawned poleward following fishery-induced collective memory loss

Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 7, 2025

Entrainment is a process in schooling migratory fish whereby routes to suitable habitats are transferred from repeat spawners recruits over generations through social learning1. Selective fisheries targeting older may therefore result collective memory loss and disrupted migration culture2. The world's largest herring (Clupea harengus) population has traditionally migrated up 1,300 km southward wintering areas northern Norwegian waters spawn at the west coast. This conservative strategy proposed be trade-off between high energetic swimming costs enhanced larval survival under improved growth conditions3. Here an analysis of extensive data fisheries, scientific surveys tagging experiments demonstrates abrupt approximately 800-km poleward shift main spawning. new was established by large cohort recruiting when abundance critically low due age-selective fisheries. threshold required for cultural transfer probably not met-a situation that further exacerbated reduced spatiotemporal overlap driven constraints climate change. Finally, minority survivors adopted culture instead historically opposite. have profound consequences production coastal ecology, challenging management fish.

Язык: Английский

---

From neglect toward enlightenment: the conservation of native fishes in the twenty-first century

Environmental Biology of Fishes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

---