Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: scientific gaps and opportunities—workshop report

npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023

On November 7th and 8th, 2022, The National Institute of Allergy Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part the Institutes Health (NIH), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority (BARDA), Wellcome Trust hosted a virtual workshop entitled "Mucosal Vaccines SARS-CoV-2: Scientific Gaps Opportunities." During workshop, researchers vaccine developers from around world discussed potential mucosal vaccines to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission reviewed status research. Here, we summarize key challenges opportunities in basic, translational, clinical research that were highlighted during meeting. We also provide recommendations advance field accelerate development SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Human circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells

Nature Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(7), С. 1076 - 1086

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: triumph of hope over experience

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 92, С. 104585 - 104585

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is reduced effectiveness of these in preventing breakthrough infection and/or onward transmission, likely due to poor immunity elicited at the respiratory mucosa. As such, has been considerable interest developing novel mucosal that engenders more localised immune responses provide better protection recall site virus entry, contrast traditional vaccine approaches focus on immunity. In this review, we explore adaptive components immunity, evaluate epidemiological studies dissect if conferred by parenteral vaccination or drives differential efficacy acquisition discuss undergoing clinical trials assess key challenges prospects for development.

Язык: Английский

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T‐cell activation–induced marker assays in health and disease

Immunology and Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 101(6), С. 491 - 503

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

Activation-induced marker (AIM) assays have proven to be an accessible and rapid means of antigen-specific T-cell detection. The method typically involves short-term incubation whole blood or peripheral mononuclear cells with antigens interest, where autologous antigen-presenting process present peptides in complex major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. Recognition peptide-MHC complexes by receptors then induces upregulation activation markers on the T that can detected flow cytometry. In this review, we highlight most widely used for literature while identifying nuances potential downfalls associated technique. We provide a summary how AIM been both discovery science clinical studies, including studies severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity. This review primarily focuses using human cell samples, some considerations noted tissue-derived nonhuman samples. are powerful tool enables detailed analysis frequency, phenotype function without needing know precise antigenic their MHC restriction elements, enabling wider immunity generated following infection and/or vaccination.

Язык: Английский

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A guide to adaptive immune memory

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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