BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)
Опубликована: Март 26, 2025
Язык: Английский
Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2023
The human gut microbiota continues to demonstrate its importance in health and disease, largely owing the countless number of studies investigating fecal microbiota. Underrepresented these studies, however, is role played by microbial communities found small intestine, which, given essential function intestine nutrient absorption, host metabolism, immunity, likely highly relevant. This review provides an overview methods used study composition dynamics along different sections intestine. Furthermore, it explores facilitating physiological functions discusses how disruption equilibrium can influence disease development. evidence suggests that intestinal important regulator characterization has potential greatly advance microbiome research development novel diagnostics therapeutics.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
44
Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023
L-arginine (L-arg) is a versatile amino acid and central intestinal metabolite in mammalian microbial organisms. Thus, L-arg participates as precursor of multiple metabolic pathways the regulation cell division growth. It also serves source carbon, nitrogen, energy or substrate for protein synthesis. Consequently, can simultaneously modify immune functions, intraluminal metabolism, microbiota, pathogenesis. While dietary intake, turnover de novo synthesis usually supply sufficient amounts, expression several key enzymes metabolism change rapidly dramatically following inflammation, sepsis, injury. availability be restricted due to increased catabolism, transforming into an essential acid. Here, we review enzymatic cells their role function, colonization resistance, pathogenesis gut.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
44
Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(3), С. 322 - 334.e9
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024
Reversible genomic DNA inversions control the expression of numerous gut bacterial molecules, but how this impacts disease remains uncertain. By analyzing metagenomic samples from inflammatory bowel (IBD) cohorts, we identified multiple invertible regions where a particular orientation correlated with disease. These include promoter polysaccharide A (PSA) Bacteroides fragilis, which induces regulatory T cells (Tregs) and ameliorates experimental colitis. The PSA was mostly oriented "OFF" in IBD patients, increased B. fragilis-associated bacteriophages. Similarly, mice colonized healthy human microbiota induction colitis caused decline "ON" that reversed as inflammation resolved. Monocolonization fragilis revealed bacteriophage infection frequency orientation, causing reduced decreased Treg cells. Altogether, reveal dynamic phase variations driven by bacteriophages host inflammation, signifying functional plasticity during
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
21
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Март 10, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Animal Models and Experimental Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(4), С. 311 - 322
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has emerged as a global with high incidence, long duration, devastating clinical symptoms, low curability (relapsing immune response barrier function defects). Mounting studies have been performed to investigate its pathogenesis provide an ever-expanding arsenal of therapeutic options, while the precise etiology IBD is not completely understood yet. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing methods animal models provided new insights into association between intestinal microbiota IBD. In general, dysbiosis characterized by imbalanced widely recognized pathology However, alterations represent cause or result process remains unclear. Therefore, more evidences are needed identify role Herein, this review aims outline current knowledge commonly used, chemically induced, infectious mouse models, gut alteration how it contributes IBD, dysregulated metabolite production links pathogenesis.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
65
Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2022
Phages are the most abundant and diverse biological entities on Earth exert specific effects bacterial hosts. The coexistence of phages bacteria in intestinal tract is dynamic interdependent. involved maintaining stability composition community, an imbalance can cause diseases. This review elucidates interactions between human their roles pathogenesis treatment Understanding relationship among phages, host diseases conducive to promoting application diseases.List abbreviations EMBL-EBI European Bioinformatics Institute; E. coli Escherichia coli; faecalis Enterobacter faecalis; B. fragilis Bacteroides fragilis; vulgatus vulgatus; SaPIs Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands; ARGs Antibiotic resistance genes; STEC Shiga toxigenic Stx toxin; BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; TSST-1 Toxic shock toxin 1; RBPs Receptor-binding proteins; LPS lipopolysaccharide; OMVs Outer membrane vesicles; PT Phosphorothioate; BREX Bacteriophage exclusion; OCR Overcome classical restriction; Pgl Phage growth limitation; DISARM Defense island system associated with restrictionmodification; R-M Restriction-modification system; exclusion CRISPR Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas CRISPR-associated; PAMs Prospacer adjacent motifs; crRNA RNA; SIE; OMPs; Superinfection Abi Abortive infection; TA Toxin-antitoxin; TLR Toll-like receptor; APCs Antigen-presenting cells; DSS Dextran sulfate sodium; IELs Intraepithelial lymphocytes; FMT Fecal microbiota transfer; IFN-γ Interferon-gamma; IBD Inflammatory bowel disease; AgNPs Silver nanoparticles; MDSC Myeloid-derived suppressor cell; CRC Colorectal cancer; VLPs Virus-like particles; TMP Tape measure protein; PSMB4 Proteasome subunit beta type-4; ALD Alcohol-related liver GVHD Graft-versus-host ROS Reactive oxygen species; RA Rheumatoid arthritis; CCP Cyclic citrullinated AMGs Accessory metabolic T1DM Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM 2 SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids; GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1; A. baumannii Acinetobacter baumannii; CpG Deoxycytidylinate-phosphodeoxyguanosine; PEG Polyethylene glycol; MetS Metabolic syndrome; OprM porin M.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
59
Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14
Опубликована: Май 24, 2023
The gut virome is an incredibly complex part of the ecosystem. Gut viruses play a role in many disease states, but it unknown to what extent impacts everyday human health. New experimental and bioinformatic approaches are required address this knowledge gap. colonization begins at birth considered unique stable adulthood. highly specific each individual modulated by varying factors such as age, diet, state, use antibiotics. primarily comprises bacteriophages, predominantly order Crassvirales, also referred crAss-like phages, industrialized populations other Caudoviricetes (formerly Caudovirales ). stability virome’s regular constituents disrupted disease. Transferring fecal microbiome, including its viruses, from healthy can restore functionality gut. It alleviate symptoms chronic illnesses colitis caused Clostridiodes difficile . Investigation relatively novel field, with new genetic sequences being published increasing rate. A large percentage sequences, termed ‘viral dark matter’, one significant challenges facing virologists bioinformaticians. To challenge, strategies include mining publicly available viral datasets, untargeted metagenomic approaches, utilizing cutting-edge tools quantify classify species. Here, we review literature surrounding virome, establishment, impact on health, methods used investigate it, matter veiling our understanding virome.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
31
Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1), С. 138 - 148
Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
29
Gut, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 73(2), С. 350 - 360
Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2023
The gut virome is a dense community of viruses inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract and an integral part microbiota. coexists with other components microbiota host in dynamic equilibrium, serving as key contributor to maintenance intestinal homeostasis functions. However, this equilibrium can be interrupted certain pathological states, including inflammatory bowel disease, causing dysbiosis that may participate disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, whether causal or bystander event requires further clarification.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
27
Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023
Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses that have been shown to shape microbial communities. Previous studies faecal virome transplantation can decrease weight gain and normalize blood glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Therefore, we performed a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study which 24 individuals with metabolic syndrome were randomised filtrate (FFT) from lean healthy donor (n = 12) or placebo 12). The primary outcome, change metabolism, secondary outcomes, safety longitudinal changes within the intestinal bacteriome phageome, assessed baseline up 28 days. All included subjects completed analyses. While overall metabolism not significantly different between both groups, FFT is well-tolerated without any serious adverse events. phage virion composition altered two days after as compared placebo, coincides more virulent phage-microbe interactions. In conclusion, provide evidence gut phages be safely administered transiently alter microbiota of recipients.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
25