Mechanical Intelligent Energy Harvesting: From Methodology to Applications

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(29)

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2023

Abstract The Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) connects everything with intelligence, while the increase in energy consumption generated by numerous electronic devices puts forward an impending demand on power supply. Energy harvesting technology has emerged as a compelling innovation for net zero emissions supply AIoT. Although significant advances have been witnessed harvesting, some issues such poor electrical output, weak environmental adaptability, and low reliability are difficult to satisfactorily resolve. Mechanical intelligent can be defined system identifying external excitation or its own state reacting it, rather than relying sensing elements central controller certain adaptive programmed functions. functions exhibit great potential solving above‐mentioned that seriously restrict development technology. Here, generalized definition mechanical is given critically design methodology elaborated. typical reported systems characteristics intelligence reviewed. key research directions discussed. expected revolutionize energy‐harvesting pave way applications.

Язык: Английский

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Highly Stretchable and Strain‐Insensitive Liquid Metal based Elastic Kirigami Electrodes (LM‐eKE)

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(30)

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2023

Abstract Kirigami, a traditional paper‐cutting art, is promising method for creating mechanically robust circuitry unconventional devices capable of extreme stretchability through structural deformation. In this study, design approach expanded upon by introducing Liquid Metal based Elastic Kirigami Electrodes (LM‐eKE) in which kirigami‐patterned soft elastomers are coated with eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) alloy. Overcoming the mechanical and electrical limitations previous efforts paper‐like kirigami, all LM‐eKE can be stretched to 820% strain while resistance only increases 33%. This enabled fluidic properties EGaIn coating, maintains high conductivity even as elastic substrate undergoes Applying human knee joints fingers, change during physical activities under 1.7%, thereby allowing stable operation wearable health monitoring tracking electroencephalogram (EEG) signals other physiological activity.

Язык: Английский

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Cold-programmed shape-morphing structures based on grayscale digital light processing 4D printing

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2023

Abstract Shape-morphing structures that can reconfigure their shape to adapt diverse tasks are highly desirable for intelligent machines in many interdisciplinary fields. Shape memory polymers one of the most widely used stimuli-responsive materials, especially 3D/4D printing, fabricating shape-morphing systems. They typically go through a hot-programming step obtain capability, which possesses limited freedom reconfigurability. Cold-programming, directly deforms structure into temporary without increasing temperature, is simple and more versatile but has stringent requirements on material properties. Here, we introduce grayscale digital light processing (g-DLP) based 3D printing as effective platform with cold-programming capabilities. With multimaterial-like capability g-DLP, develop heterogeneous hinge modules be cold-programmed by simply stretching at room temperature. Different configurations encoded during variable distribution direction modular-designed hinges. The module allows controllable independent morphing enabled cold programming. By leveraging multi-shape presented. g-DLP strategy demonstrates enormous potential design fabrication structures.

Язык: Английский

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Multimodal Soft Robotic Actuation and Locomotion

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(19)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

Diverse and adaptable modes of complex motion observed at different scales in living creatures are challenging to reproduce robotic systems. Achieving dexterous movement conventional robots can be difficult due the many limitations applying rigid materials. Robots based on soft materials inherently deformable, compliant, adaptable, adjustable, making robotics conducive creating machines with complicated actuation gaits. This review examines mechanisms modalities deformation that respond various stimuli. Then, strategies composite considered build toward actuators combine multiple for sophisticated movements. Examples across literature illustrate development as free-moving, entirely soft-bodied locomotion gaits via careful manipulation external The further highlights how application functional into components enhances their locomotive abilities. Finally, taking advantage shape-morphing properties materials, reconfigurable have shown capacity adaptive enable transition environments optimal efficiency. Overall, varied multimodal robots, positioning make real-world applications intricate tasks.

Язык: Английский

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Liquid-metal-based magnetic fluids

Nature Reviews Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(6), С. 433 - 449

Опубликована: Май 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Reversible negative compressibility metamaterials inspired by braess's paradox

Smart Materials and Structures, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(7), С. 075036 - 075036

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Abstract Negative compressibility metamaterials have attracted significant attention due to their distinctive properties and promising applications. has been interpreted in two ways. Regarding the negative induced by a uniaxial load, it can only occur abruptly when load reaches certain threshold. Hence, be termed as transient compressibility. However, fabrication experiments of such rarely reported. Herein, we demonstrate them. Inspired Braess’s paradox, novel mechanical model is proposed with reversible It shows multiple types force responses during loading-unloading cycle, including hysteresis. Phase diagrams are employed visualize relationship between system parameters. Besides, explicit expressions for conditions intensity obtained design optimization. The replacement method inspired compliant mechanism then introduced derive specific unit cell structures, thus avoiding intuition-based approaches. Additive manufacturing technology utilized fabricate prototypes, validated via simulations experiments. Furthermore, demonstrated that activated through electrical heating function actuators, thereby possessing machine-like properties. metamaterial methodology potentials impact micro-electromechanical systems, sensors, protective devices, other

Язык: Английский

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A bistable honeycomb mechanical metamaterial with transformable Poisson's ratio and tunable vibration isolation properties

Thin-Walled Structures, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 198, С. 111718 - 111718

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Snapping for high-speed and high-efficient butterfly stroke–like soft swimmer

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(46)

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2022

Natural selection has tuned many flying and swimming animals to share the same narrow design space for high power efficiency, e.g., their dimensionless Strouhal numbers St that relate flapping frequency amplitude forward speed fall within range of 0.2 < 0.4 peak propulsive efficiency. It is rather challenging achieve both comparably fast-speed high-efficient soft swimmers marine due naturally selected body compliance. Here, bioinspired by motion in animals, we report leveraging snapping instabilities flapping-wing with comparable performance biological counterparts. The lightweight, butterfly stroke-like swimmer (2.8 g) demonstrates a record-high 3.74 length/s (4.8 times faster than reported fastest swimmer), efficiency (0.2 = 0.25 0.4), low energy consumption cost, maneuverability (a turning 157°/s).

Язык: Английский

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Embedded shape morphing for morphologically adaptive robots

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

Shape-morphing robots can change their morphology to fulfill different tasks in varying environments, but existing shape-morphing capability is not embedded a robot's body, requiring bulky supporting equipment. Here, we report an scheme with the shape actuation, sensing, and locking, all body. We showcase this using three morphing robotic systems: 1) self-sensing grippers that adapt objects for adaptive grasping; 2) quadrupedal robot morph its body terrestrial locomotion modes (walk, crawl, or horizontal climb); 3) untethered limbs' amphibious locomotion. also create library of modules demonstrate versatile programmable shapes (e.g., torsion, 3D bending, surface morphing, etc.). Our offers promising avenue reconfigure manner environments on demand.

Язык: Английский

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Thermally and Magnetically Programmable Hydrogel Microactuators

Small, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(16)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2023

The rapid development in micro-machinery enabled the investigation of smart materials that can embody fast response, programmable actuation, and flexibility to perform mechanical work. Soft magnetic actuators represent an interesting platform toward combining those properties. This study focuses on synthesis micro-actuators respond thermal stimuli using micro-molding with a soft template as fabrication technique. These microsystems consist hydrogel matrix loaded anisotropic nanospindles. When homogeneous field is applied, nanospindles initially dispersed monomer solution, align assemble into dipolar chains. ensuing UV-polymerization creates network conveniently arrests these nanostructures. Consequently, dipole moment coplanar microgel. Varying shape, volume, composition during provides temperature-dependent control over response polarizability. Beyond isotropic swelling, shaping long thin ribbons passive layer one side allows for differential swelling leading bending twisting deformations, example, 2D- or 3D-spiral. deformations involve reversible amplification orientation hydrogels under field. Temperature herewith determines conformation simultaneously micro-actuators.

Язык: Английский

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