Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2018
Each
year
malaria
kills
hundreds
of
thousands
people
and
infects
millions
despite
current
control
measures.
An
effective
vaccine
will
likely
be
necessary
to
aid
in
eradication.
Vaccination
using
whole
sporozoites
provides
an
increased
repertoire
immunogens
compared
subunit
vaccines
across
at
least
two
life
cycle
stages
the
parasite,
extracellular
sporozoite,
intracellular
liver
stage.
Three
potential
sporozoite
approaches
are
under
development
include
genetically
attenuated
parasites,
radiation
sporozoites,
wild-type
administered
combination
with
chemoprophylaxis.
Pre-clinical
clinical
studies
have
demonstrated
immunogenicity,
including
humoral
cellular
immunity
a
range
efficacy
that
depends
on
pre-exposure
vaccinated
individuals.
While
can
provide
protection
against
some
cases,
more
recent
malaria-endemic
regions
demonstrate
need
for
improvements.
Moreover,
challenges
remain
manufacturing
large
quantities
commercialization.
A
promising
solution
challenge
is
vitro
culturing
methodology,
which
has
been
described
several
Plasmodium
species,
major
disease-causing
human
falciparum.
Here,
we
review
immunogenicity
platforms
production.
Cell Host & Microbe,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
24(1), С. 43 - 56
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2018
The
development
of
highly
effective
and
durable
vaccines
against
the
human
malaria
parasites
Plasmodium
falciparum
P.
vivax
remains
a
key
priority.
Decades
endeavor
have
taught
that
achieving
this
goal
will
be
challenging;
however,
recent
innovation
in
vaccine
research
diverse
pipeline
novel
candidates
for
clinical
assessment
provides
optimism.
With
first-generation
pre-erythrocytic
aiming
licensure
coming
years,
it
is
important
to
reflect
on
how
next-generation
approaches
can
improve
their
success.
Here
we
review
latest
seek
prevent
infection,
disease,
transmission
highlight
some
major
underlying
immunological
molecular
mechanisms
protection.
synthesis
rational
antigen
selection,
immunogen
design,
immunization
strategies
induce
quantitatively
qualitatively
improved
immune
effector
offers
promise
sustained
high-level
Nature Immunology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
19(11), С. 1199 - 1211
Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2018
Development
of
a
malaria
vaccine
remains
critical
priority
to
decrease
clinical
disease
and
mortality
facilitate
eradication.
Accordingly,
RTS,S,
protein-subunit
vaccine,
has
completed
phase
III
trials
confers
~30%
protection
against
infection
over
4
years.
Whole-attenuated-sporozoite
viral-subunit
vaccines
induce
between
20%
100%
controlled
human
infection,
but
there
is
limited
published
evidence
date
for
durable,
high-level
efficacy
(>50%)
natural
exposure.
Importantly,
fundamental
scientific
advances
related
the
potency,
durability,
breadth
location
immune
responses
will
be
required
improving
with
these
other
approaches.
In
this
Review,
we
focus
on
current
understanding
immunological
mechanisms
from
animal
models
studies,
how
data
should
inform
development
next-generation
vaccines.
Furthermore,
introduce
concept
using
passive
immunization
monoclonal
antibodies
as
new
approach
prevent
eliminate
malaria.
Infection and Immunity,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
86(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2017
Controlled
human
malaria
infection
(CHMI)
entails
deliberate
with
parasites
either
by
mosquito
bite
or
direct
injection
of
sporozoites
parasitized
erythrocytes.
When
required,
the
resulting
blood-stage
is
curtailed
administration
antimalarial
drugs.
Inducing
a
via
inoculation
infected
blood
was
first
used
as
treatment
(malariotherapy)
for
neurosyphilis
in
Europe
and
United
States
early
1900s.
More
recently,
CHMI
has
been
applied
to
fields
vaccine
drug
development,
where
it
evaluate
products
well-controlled
early-phase
proof-of-concept
clinical
studies,
thus
facilitating
progression
only
most
promising
candidates
further
evaluation
areas
endemic.
infections
have
also
immunize
against
infection.
Historically,
studies
restricted
need
access
insectaries
housing
mosquitoes
suitable
malaria-infected
individuals.
Evaluation
constrained
these
availability
limited
number
Plasmodium
falciparum
isolates.
Recent
advances
included
cryopreservation
sporozoites,
manufacture
well-characterized
genetically
distinct
cultured
cell
banks
infection,
vivax-specific
reagents.
These
will
help
accelerate
development
making
reagents
more
widely
accessible
enabling
rigorous
multiple
parasite
strains
species.
Here
we
discuss
different
applications
CHMI,
recent
use
ongoing
challenges
consideration.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
22(11), С. 2951 - 2963
Опубликована: Март 1, 2018
Heterochromatin
plays
a
central
role
in
the
process
of
immune
evasion,
pathogenesis,
and
transmission
malaria
parasite
Plasmodium
falciparum
during
blood
stage
infection.
Here,
we
use
ChIP
sequencing
to
demonstrate
that
sporozoites
from
mosquito
salivary
glands
expand
heterochromatin
at
subtelomeric
regions
silence
blood-stage-specific
genes.
Our
data
also
revealed
enrichment
is
predictive
transcription
status
clonally
variant
genes
members
mediate
cytoadhesion
parasites.
A
specific
member
(here
called
NF54varsporo)
var
gene
family
remains
euchromatic,
resultant
PfEMP1
(NF54_SpzPfEMP1)
expressed
sporozoite
surface.
NF54_SpzPfEMP1-specific
antibodies
efficiently
block
hepatocyte
infection
strain-specific
manner.
Furthermore,
human
volunteers
immunized
with
infective
developed
against
NF54_SpzPfEMP1.
Overall,
show
epigenetic
signature
reset
stages.
Moreover,
identification
highly
relevant
for
vaccine
design
based
on
sporozoites.
The
Malaria
Vaccine
Symposium
occurred
at
Johns
Hopkins
University
in
Baltimore,
MD,
USA
on
April
25th,
2017,
coinciding
with
World
Day
and
the
WHO
announcement
that
RTS,S
malaria
vaccine
would
begin
pilot
implementation
programs
Ghana,
Kenya,
Malawi
2018.
Scientists
from
several
disciplines
reported
progress
an
array
of
concepts
product
candidates,
including
pre-erythrocytic
vaccines
prevent
infection,
blood-stage
limit
infection
disease,
transmission-blocking
interrupt
spread
infection.
Other
speakers
highlighted
immunological
genetic
considerations
must
be
addressed
by
vaccinologists
to
yield
most
efficacious
vaccines.
Here,
we
highlight
advances
vaccinology
were
symposium.
Expert Review of Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
22(1), С. 964 - 1007
Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023
Malaria,
a
devastating
febrile
illness
caused
by
protozoan
parasites,
sickened
247,000,000
people
in
2021
and
killed
619,000,
mostly
children
pregnant
women
sub-Saharan
Africa.
A
highly
effective
vaccine
is
urgently
needed,
especially
for