Organoids
are
three-dimensional
(3D)
cell
cultures
derived
from
human
pluripotent
stem
cells
or
adult
that
recapitulate
the
cellular
heterogeneity,
structure,
and
function
of
organs.
These
microstructures
invaluable
for
biomedical
research
due
to
their
ability
closely
mimic
complexity
native
tissues
while
retaining
genetic
material.
This
fidelity
organ
systems
positions
organoids
as
a
powerful
tool
advancing
our
understanding
biology
enhancing
preclinical
drug
testing.
Recent
advancements
have
led
successful
development
variety
organoid
types,
reflecting
broad
range
organs
tissues.
progress
has
expanded
application
across
several
domains,
including
regenerative
medicine,
where
offer
potential
tissue
replacement
repair;
disease
modeling,
which
allows
study
mechanisms
progression
in
controlled
environment;
discovery
evaluation,
provide
more
accurate
platform
testing
efficacy
safety;
microecological
research,
they
contribute
interactions
between
microbes
host
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
historical
technology,
highlights
key
achievements
ongoing
challenges
field,
discusses
current
emerging
applications
both
laboratory
clinical
practice.
Cancer Cell,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
42(2), С. 180 - 197
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
The
past
decade
has
witnessed
significant
advances
in
the
systemic
treatment
of
advanced
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
Nevertheless,
newly
developed
strategies
have
not
achieved
universal
success
and
HCC
patients
frequently
exhibit
therapeutic
resistance
to
these
therapies.
Precision
represents
a
paradigm
shift
cancer
recent
years.
This
approach
utilizes
unique
molecular
characteristics
individual
patient
personalize
modalities,
aiming
maximize
efficacy
while
minimizing
side
effects.
Although
precision
shown
multiple
types,
its
application
remains
infancy.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
key
aspects
HCC,
including
biomarkers,
classifications,
heterogeneity
tumor
microenvironment.
We
also
propose
future
directions,
ranging
from
revolutionizing
current
methodologies
personalizing
therapy
through
functional
assays,
which
will
accelerate
next
phase
advancements
area.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024
The
liver
is
essential
for
metabolic
homeostasis.
onset
of
cancer
often
accompanied
by
dysregulated
function,
leading
to
rearrangements.
Overwhelming
evidence
has
illustrated
that
cellular
metabolism
can,
in
turn,
promote
anabolic
growth
and
tumor
propagation
a
hostile
microenvironment.
In
addition
supporting
continuous
survival,
disrupted
process
also
creates
obstacles
the
anticancer
immune
response
restrains
durable
clinical
remission
following
immunotherapy.
this
review,
we
elucidate
communication
between
cells
their
surrounding
discuss
how
reprogramming
impacts
microenvironment
efficacy
We
describe
crucial
role
gut-liver
axis
remodeling
crosstalk
surveillance
escape,
highlighting
novel
therapeutic
opportunities.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Liver
cancer
is
a
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
deaths
worldwide,
highlighting
the
need
for
innovative
approaches
to
understand
its
complex
biology
and
develop
effective
treatments.
While
traditional
in
vivo
animal
models
have
played
vital
role
liver
research,
ethical
concerns
demand
more
human-relevant
systems
driven
development
advanced
vitro
models.
Spheroids
organoids
emerged
as
powerful
tools
due
their
ability
replicate
tumor
microenvironment
facilitate
preclinical
drug
development.
are
simpler
3D
culture
that
partially
recreate
structure
cell
interactions.
They
can
be
used
penetration
studies
high-throughput
screening.
Organoids
derived
from
stem
cells
or
patient
tissues
accurately
emulate
complexity
functionality
tissue.
generated
pluripotent
adult
cells,
well
specimens,
providing
personalized
studying
behavior
responses.
retain
genetic
variability
original
offer
robust
platform
screening
treatment
strategies.
However,
both
spheroids
limitations,
such
absence
functional
vasculature
immune
components,
which
essential
growth
therapeutic
The
field
modeling
evolving,
with
ongoing
efforts
predictive
reflect
complexities
human
cancer.
By
integrating
these
tools,
researchers
gain
deeper
insights
into
accelerate
novel
Gastroenterology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
166(6), С. 1130 - 1144.e8
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024
Background
&
AimsDespite
the
increasing
number
of
treatment
options
available
for
liver
cancer,
only
a
small
proportion
patients
achieve
long-term
clinical
benefits.
Here,
we
aim
to
develop
new
therapeutic
approaches
cancer.MethodsA
compound
screen
was
conducted
identify
inhibitors
that
could
synergistically
induce
senescence
when
combined
with
cyclin-dependent
kinase
(CDK)
4/6
inhibitor.
The
combination
effects
CDK4/6
inhibitor
and
exportin
1
(XPO1)
on
cellular
were
investigated
in
panel
human
cancer
cell
lines
multiple
models.
A
senolytic
drug
performed
drugs
selectively
killed
senescent
cells.ResultsThe
XPO1
induces
cells
vitro
vivo.
acts
by
causing
accumulation
RB1
nucleus,
leading
decreased
E2F
signaling
promoting
induction
Through
screen,
cereblon
(CRBN)–based
proteolysis
targeting
chimera
(PROTAC)
ARV-825
identified
as
an
agent
can
kill
cells.
Up-regulation
CRBN
vulnerability
cells,
making
them
sensitive
CRBN-based
PROTAC
drugs.
Mechanistically,
find
ubiquitin
carboxyl-terminal
hydrolase
2
(USP2)
directly
interacts
CRBN,
deubiquitination
stabilization
cells.ConclusionsOur
study
demonstrates
striking
synergy
through
These
findings
also
shed
light
molecular
processes
underlying
therapy.
Despite
cancer.
Our
Advanced Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024
Lysine
lactylation
(Kla)
plays
a
vital
role
in
several
physiological
processes.
However,
the
cancer-specific
modulation
of
Kla
gastrointestinal
(GI)
tumors
requires
systematic
elucidation.
Here,
global
lactylome
profiling
cancerous
and
adjacent
tissues
is
conducted
from
40
patients
with
GI
cancer
identified
11698
sites.
Lactylome
integration
revealed
that
affects
proteins
involved
hallmark
processes,
including
epigenetic
rewiring,
metabolic
perturbations,
genome
instability.
Moreover,
study
pan-cancer
patterns
alterations,
among
which
37
sites
are
consistently
upregulated
all
four
cancers
gene
regulation.
It
further
verified
CBX3
at
K10
mediates
its
interaction
marker
H3K9me3
facilitates
progression.
Overall,
this
provides
an
invaluable
resource
for
understanding
landscape
cancers,
may
provide
new
paths
drug
discovery
these
devastating
diseases.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(21)
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024
Abstract
It
is
challenging
to
detect
and
differentiate
multiple
diseases
with
high
complexity/similarity
from
the
same
organ.
Metabolic
analysis
based
on
nanomatrix‐assisted
laser
desorption/ionization
mass
spectrometry
(NMALDI‐MS)
a
promising
platform
for
disease
diagnosis,
while
enhanced
property
of
its
core
nanomatrix
materials
has
plenty
room
improvement.
Herein,
multidimensional
interactive
cascade
nanochip
composed
iron
oxide
nanoparticles
(FeNPs)/MXene/gold
(AuNPs),
IMG,
reported
serum
metabolic
profiling
achieve
high‐throughput
detection
liver
diseases.
MXene
serves
as
multi‐binding
site
an
electron‐hole
source
ionization
during
NMALDI‐MS
analysis.
Introduction
AuNPs
surface
plasmon
resonance
(SPR)
properties
facilitates
charge
accumulation
rapid
energy
conversion.
FeNPs
are
integrated
into
MXene/Au
nanocomposite
sharply
reduce
thermal
conductivity
negligible
heat
loss
strong
thermally‐driven
desorption,
construct
multi‐interaction
proton
transport
pathway
ionization.
Analysis
these
fingerprint
signals
detected
IMG
through
neural
network
model
results
in
differentiation
via
single
pass
revelation
potential
biomarkers.
The
method
can
rapidly
accurately
screen
various
diseases,
thus
allowing
timely
treatment
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Март 20, 2024
Organoids
present
substantial
potential
for
pushing
forward
preclinical
research
and
personalized
medicine
by
accurately
recapitulating
tissue
tumor
heterogeneity
in
vitro
.
However,
the
lack
of
standardized
protocols
cancer
organoid
culture
has
hindered
reproducibility.
This
paper
comprehensively
reviews
current
challenges
associated
with
highlights
recent
multidisciplinary
advancements
field
a
specific
focus
on
standardizing
liver
culture.
We
discuss
non-standardized
aspects,
including
sources,
processing
techniques,
medium
formulations,
matrix
materials,
that
contribute
to
technical
variability.
Furthermore,
we
emphasize
need
establish
reproducible
platforms
preserve
genetic,
proteomic,
morphological,
pharmacotypic
features
parent
tumor.
At
end
each
section,
our
shifts
standardization
primary
cancer.
By
addressing
these
challenges,
can
enhance
reproducibility
clinical
translation
systems,
enabling
their
applications
precision
medicine,
drug
screening,
research.
Organoids
are
miniature,
highly
accurate
representations
of
organs
that
capture
the
structure
and
unique
functions
specific
organs.
Although
field
organoids
has
experienced
exponential
growth,
driven
by
advances
in
artificial
intelligence,
gene
editing,
bioinstrumentation,
a
comprehensive
overview
organoid
applications
remains
necessary.
This
review
offers
detailed
exploration
historical
origins
characteristics
various
types,
their
applications-including
disease
modeling,
drug
toxicity
efficacy
assessments,
precision
medicine,
regenerative
medicine-as
well
as
current
challenges
future
directions
research.
have
proven
instrumental
elucidating
genetic
cell
fate
hereditary
diseases,
infectious
metabolic
disorders,
malignancies,
study
processes
such
embryonic
development,
molecular
mechanisms,
host-microbe
interactions.
Furthermore,
integration
technology
with
intelligence
microfluidics
significantly
advanced
large-scale,
rapid,
cost-effective
thereby
propelling
progress
medicine.
Finally,
advent
high-performance
materials,
three-dimensional
printing
technology,
also
gaining
prominence
Our
insights
predictions
aim
to
provide
valuable
guidance
researchers
support
continued
advancement
this
rapidly
developing
field.