Factors affecting early-life intestinal microbiota development

Nutrition, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 78, С. 110812 - 110812

Опубликована: Март 25, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Relationship Between Breast Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Март 22, 2021

The assembly of the newborn's gut microbiota during first months life is an orchestrated process resulting in specialized microbial ecosystems different compartments. This highly dependent upon environmental factors, and many evidences suggest that early bacterial colonization has long-term consequences on host digestive immune homeostasis but also metabolism behavior. period therefore a "window opportunity" to program health through modulation. However, implementation this promising strategy requires in-depth understanding mechanisms governing assembly. Breastfeeding been associated with healthy infants. Human milk complex food matrix, numerous components potentially influence infant composition, either by enhancing specific bacteria growth or limiting others. objective review describe human composition discuss established purported roles establishment. Finally, impact maternal diet reviewed assess how could be simple efficient approach shape microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human and act tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, weight, gestational age mode of delivery. HMOs improve gastrointestinal barrier also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens epithelial barrier, creates immunomodulatory metabolites. fulfil variety physiologic functions including potential support to immune system, brain development, cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula is safe promotes healthy development revealing benefits for microbiota composition infection prevention. Because limited data comparing effect non-human HMOs, it not known if offer an additional clinical benefit over oligosaccharides. Better knowledge factors influencing their will help understand short- long-term benefits.

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive review on infant formula: nutritional and functional constituents, recent trends in processing and its impact on infants’ gut microbiota

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Human milk is considered the most valuable form of nutrition for infants their growth, development and function. So far, there are still some cases where feeding human not feasible. As a result, market infant formula widely increasing, become an alternative or substitute breastfeeding. The nutritional value can be improved by adding functional bioactive compounds like probiotics, prebiotics, oligosaccharides, vitamins, minerals, taurine, inositol, osteopontin, lactoferrin, gangliosides, carnitine etc. For processing formula, diverse thermal non-thermal technologies have been employed. Infant either in powdered form, which requires reconstitution with water ready-to-feed liquid among powder readily available, shelf-stable vastly marketed. Infants' gut microbiota complex ecosystem nutrient composition recognized to lasting effect on it. Likewise, establishment closely parallels host immune growth. Therefore, it must contemplated as important factor consideration while developing formulas. In this review, we focused formulation manufacturing safe nutritious equivalent aligning infant's needs its ultimate impact infants' microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 88(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024

SUMMARY Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach the infant intestine intact form as they resist gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, confer a multitude benefits, directly and/or indirectly, to developing neonate. Certain bifidobacterial species, being among earliest gut colonizers breast-fed infants, have adapted functional capacity metabolize various HMO structures. This ability is typically observed infant-associated bifidobacteria, opposed bifidobacteria associated with mature microbiota. In recent years, information has been gleaned regarding how these well certain other taxa able assimilate HMOs, including mechanistic strategies enabling their acquisition and consumption. Additionally, complex metabolic interactions occur between microbes facilitated by utilization breakdown products released from degradation. Interest HMO-mediated changes microbial composition function focal point numerous studies, times fueled availability individual biosynthetic some now commonly included formula. this review, we outline main assimilatory catabolic employed discuss that exhibit glycan degradation capacity, cover HMO-supported cross-feeding related metabolites described thus far.

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Cesarean Section Delivery on Intestinal Microbiota: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Perspectives—A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(2), С. 1055 - 1055

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

The relationship between cesarean section (CS) delivery and intestinal microbiota is increasingly studied. CS-born infants display distinct gut microbial compositions due to the absence of maternal birth canal microorganisms. These alterations potentially link long-term health implications like immune-related disorders allergies. This correlation underscores intricate connection mode establishment diverse microbiota. A systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web Science databases by analyzing articles examining interactions CS infant's analysis, based a wide-ranging selection studies, elucidates multifaceted dynamics involved in CS-associated shifts fetal We also explore potential ramifications these changes neonatal development, providing comprehensive overview for clinicians researchers. By synthesizing current findings, this contributes deeper understanding interplay early colonization, paving way informed clinical decisions future investigations field perinatal medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Role of breastfeeding in disease prevention

Microbial Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Human milk provides the infant with many bioactive factors, including immunomodulating components, antimicrobials and prebiotics, which modulate microbiome immune system maturation. As a result, breastfeeding can impact health from infancy, through adolescence, into adulthood. From protecting infections, to reducing risk of obesity, type 1 diabetes childhood leukaemia, positive outcomes are observed in infants receiving breastmilk. For mother, protects against postpartum bleeding depression, increases weight loss, long-term lowers 2 diabetes, breast ovarian cancer, cardiovascular diseases. Beyond mothers, wider society is also impacted because avoidable costs relating morbidity mortality derived lack human exposure. In this review, Medline was used search for relevant articles discuss benefits its societal before exploring future recommendations enhance our understanding mechanisms behind breastfeeding's effects promote on global scale.

Язык: Английский

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Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

The development of the gut microbiome is crucial to human health, particularly during first three years life. Given its role in immune development, disturbances establishment process may have long term consequences. This review summarizes evidence for these claims, highlighting compositional changes this critical period life as well factors that affect development. Based on and animal data, we conclude early-life a determinant long-term impacting physiological, metabolic, processes. field faces challenges. Some challenges are technical, such lack standardized stool collection protocols, inconsistent DNA extraction methods, outdated sequencing technologies. Other methodological: small sample sizes, longitudinal studies, poor control confounding variables. To address limitations, advocate more robust research methodologies better understand microbiome's health disease. Improved methods will lead reliable studies deeper understanding impact outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Human Milk Microbiota and Oligosaccharides: A Glimpse into Benefits, Diversity, and Correlations

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(4), С. 1123 - 1123

Опубликована: Март 29, 2021

Human milk represents a cornerstone for growth and development of infants, with extensive array benefits. In addition to exceptionally nutritive bioactive components, human encompasses complex community signature bacteria that helps establish infant gut microbiota, contributes maturation immune system, competitively interferes pathogens. Among constituents milk, oligosaccharides (HMOs) are particularly significant. These non-digestible carbohydrates forming the third largest solid component in milk. Valuable effects HMOs include shaping intestinal imparting antimicrobial effects, developing barrier, modulating response. Moreover, recent investigations suggest correlations between links possibly existing environmental factors, genetics, geographical location, other factors. this review, from physiological health implications perspective, benefits newborns mothers highlighted. From microbiological focused insight into including origins, diversity, benefits, effect maternal diet is presented. metabolic biochemical, physiological, genetic significance HMOs, their probable relations addressed. Ongoing research mechanistic processes through which rich biological assets promote development, immunity tackled.

Язык: Английский

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Goat Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Diversity, Quantity, and Functional Properties in Comparison to Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 68(47), С. 13469 - 13485

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2020

Human milk is considered the golden standard in infant nutrition. Free oligosaccharides human provide important health benefits. These function as prebiotics, immune modulators, and pathogen inhibitors were found to improve barrier gut. Infant formulas nowadays often contain prebiotics but lack specific functions of (hMOS). Milk from domesticated animals also contains at much lower levels with less diversity. Goat significantly more (gMOS) than bovine (bMOS) or sheep (sMOS) has a larger diversity structures. This review summarizes structural studies, revealing up 77 annotated gMOS structures almost 40 fully characterized. Quantitative studies goat range 60 350 mg/L mature 200 650 colostrum. are clearly (5–20 g/L) higher other dairy animals, e.g., (30–60 mg/L) (20–40 mg/L). Finally, focuses on demonstrated potential functionalities gMOS. Some have shown anti-inflammatory effects mixtures enriched MOS display prebiotic potential, particularly stimulating growth bifidobacteria preferentially. Although functional still limited, several known modulators inhibitors. In conclusion, constitutes promising alternative source for oligosaccharides, which can be used formula.

Язык: Английский

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