SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Studies in Pets, Spain

Emerging infectious diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(6)

Опубликована: Май 16, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 can infect domestic animals such as cats and dogs. The zoonotic origin of the disease requires surveillance on animals. Seroprevalence studies are useful tools for detecting previous exposure because short period virus shedding in makes detection difficult. We report an extensive serosurvey pets Spain that covered 23 months. included with to SARS-CoV-2-infected persons, random animals, stray study. also evaluated epidemiologic variables human accumulated incidence spatial location. detected neutralizing antibodies 3.59% showed a correlation between COVID-19 humans positivity antibody pets. This study shows more were infected than reports based molecular research, findings highlight need establish preventive measures avoid reverse zoonosis events.

Язык: Английский

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Experimental co-infection of calves with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants of concern

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Since emerging in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has repeatedly crossed the species barrier with natural infections reported various domestic and wild animal species. The emergence global spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOCs) expanded range susceptible host Previous experimental infection studies cattle using Wuhan-like isolates suggested that were not likely amplifying hosts for SARS-CoV-2. However, sero- RNA-positive have since been identified Europe, India, Africa. Here, we investigated susceptibility transmission Delta Omicron VOCs cattle. Eight Holstein calves co-infected orally intranasally a mixed inoculum BA.2. Twenty-four hours post-challenge, two sentinel introduced to evaluate virus transmission. co-infection resulted high proportion shedding RNA at 1- 2-days post-challenge (DPC). Extensive tissue distribution was observed 3 7 DPC infectious recovered from DPC. Next-generation sequencing revealed only variant detected clinical samples tissues. Similar previous cattle, limited seroconversion no clear evidence calves. Together, our findings suggest are more permissive than BA.2 but, absence horizontal transmission, be reservoir currently circulating variants.

Язык: Английский

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Taking stock of the mutations in human SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins: From early days to nearly the end of COVID-19 pandemic

Current Research in Structural Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6, С. 100107 - 100107

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative agent of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in several deaths and economic losses throughout world. spike protein virus binds to human ACE-2 receptor order mediate virus-host interactions required for viral transmission. Since first report SARS-CoV-2 sequence during December 2019 from patient infected with Wuhan, China, undergone rapid changes leading mutations comprising substitutions, deletions insertions resulting variants that were more virulent transmissible or less but highly transmissible. timely intervention COVID-19 vaccines proved be effective controlling number infections. However, led lowering vaccine efficacies being administered people. In May 2023, World Health Organization declared was not a public health emergency international concern anymore. take stock early days nearly end pandemic, analyses proteins available NCBI Virus database carried out. invariant residues sequences relative reference analysed. location at interface chains trimer complex structure examined. A total 111,298 non-redundant representing 2,345,585 showed 1252 1273 positions amino acid sequence. represented 6129 different mutation types Besides, some also contained insertion mutations. 1435 lineages. addition, whose lineages either 'not classified' 'unclassifiable' indicated could still evolving.

Язык: Английский

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Potent 3CLpro inhibitors effective against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in animal models by therapeutic treatment

mBio, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2023

Human coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East (MERS-CoV) continue to have a significant impact on public health. A limited or lacking therapeutic arsenal for SARS-CoV-2 MERS-CoV infections calls an expanded diversified portfolio of antivirals against these infections. We previously reported series small-molecule 3C-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors human coronaviruses. In this report, we demonstrated the in vivo efficacy 3CLpro their broad-spectrum activity both using fatal animal models. The results suggest that are promising candidates further development direct-acting highly virulent

Язык: Английский

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COVID-2019—A Personal Account of an Academic Institute’s Response to the Pandemic

COVID, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(7), С. 1061 - 1071

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024

The unprecedented introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 epidemic, had many varied unanticipated consequences United States other countries. In addition to direct effects human infection, multiple industries, commodities, jobs were impacted. This review describes impact on an academic institution, with a chronological account events related constantly changing perceptions understanding pandemic. Although personal account, objective is document how leadership was able adjust circumstances in order support research activities, student education, goals our land grant university. It hoped that these examples will inspire better prepare us subsequent event avoid what situation might be summarized as progression from procrastination-pandemic-panic-pandemonium-endemic

Язык: Английский

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A dynamic ensemble model for short-term forecasting in pandemic situations

PLOS Global Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(8), С. e0003058 - e0003058

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many hospitals reached their capacity limits and could no longer guarantee treatment of all patients. At same time, governments endeavored to take sensible measures stop spread virus while at time trying keep economy afloat. Many models extrapolating confirmed cases hospitalization rate over short periods have been proposed, including several ones coming from field machine learning. However, highly dynamic nature pandemic with rapidly introduced interventions new circulating variants imposed non-trivial challenges for generalizability such models. In context this paper, we propose use ensemble models, which are allowed change in composition or weighting base thus better adapt epidemic situations. that regard, also explored secondary metadata—Google searches—to inform model. We tested our approach using surveillance data COVID-19, Influenza, hospital syndromic severe acute respiratory infections (SARI). general, found ensembles be more robust than individual Altogether see work as a contribution enhance preparedness future

Язык: Английский

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A useful tool for the safe diagnosis and control of the two main pandemics of the XXI century: COVID-19 and African Swine Fever disease

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(3), С. e0282632 - e0282632

Опубликована: Март 6, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic and the disease triggered by African Swine Fever virus are currently two of main problems regarding public animal health, respectively. Although vaccination seems to be ideal tool for controlling these diseases, it has several limitations. Therefore, early detection pathogen is critical in order apply preventive control measures. Real-time PCR technique used both viruses, which requires previous processing infectious material. If potentially infected sample inactivated at time sampling, diagnosis will accelerated, impacting positively on disease. Here, we evaluated inactivation preservation properties a new surfactant liquid non-invasive environmental sampling viruses. Our results demonstrated that effectively inactivates SARS-CoV-2 only five minutes, allows genetic material long periods even high temperatures such as 37°C. Hence, this methodology safe useful recovering RNA/DNA from different surfaces skins, significant applied relevance surveillance diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Analysis of highly frequent point mutations in glycoprotein C, glycoprotein N, and nucleoprotein of CCHFV

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 71(2), С. 280 - 294

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Abstract Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is classified among top 10 priority pathogens by World Health Organization. CCHFV belongs to Bunyaviridae family and negative sense ssRNA genome composed of three RNA segments: L, M, S. viruses show higher mutation rate as compared DNA viruses. To gain deeper understanding impact point mutations in M S segment, profiling, homology modeling, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation were performed. Structural glycoproteins (glycoprotein C [Gc] glycoprotein N [Gn]) are important for host–virus interaction packaging, whereas nucleoprotein (NP) crucial viral replication. Hence, current study focused on evaluation eight structural (Gc: 7 Gn: 1) segment seven NP segment. All these highly frequent, with frequency between 0.81 1.0 found be persistent the recent strains CCHFV. Solubility analysis predicted that selected reduce solubility Gc protein increase Gn proteins. MD deciphered A1046V G1158E protein, I778T H195R displayed large deviation fluctuation, affected intramolecular interactions. In conclusion, we observed could structure, stability, might lead evolution new better survival drug resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Variations in Cell Surface ACE2 Levels Alter Direct Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Viral Infectivity: Implications for Measuring Spike Protein Interactions with Animal ACE2 Orthologs

Journal of Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 96(17)

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19), most severe pandemic in a century. The virus gains access to host cells when viral spike protein (S-protein) binds cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). Studies have attempted understand SARS-CoV-2 S-protein interactions with vertebrate orthologs ACE2 by expressing mammalian and measuring infection or binding. Often, these only transiently express proteins, levels at are not quantified. Here, we describe cell-based assay that uses stably transfected proteins bicistronic vector an easy-to-quantify reporter protein, Thy1.1. We found both binding receptor-binding domain (RBD) pseudovirus proportional amount human expressed surface, which can be inferred quantifying level also compared different orthologs, were equivalent When ranked for either infectivity RBD binding, mouse had weak undetectable affinity S-protein, while highest detected, feline intermediate phenotype. generation whose normalized cross-ortholog comparisons allows us create reusable cellular library useful emerging variants' abilities potentially infect animals.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants’ spike gene in Vietnam

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2022

The recently emerging Omicron is of prime concern because this variant has been the cause current large outbreaks.Omicron becomes more dangerous when numerous content mutations in Spike (S) gene lead to than 30 substitutions amino acids spike protein.Omicron had identified as Variants Of Concern (VOC) it transmission rate overtake previous VOCs.In report, we focus on analyzing genetic diversity S variants Vietnam.Our results indicate high level haplotype confirmed 362 haplotypes and index at 0.9160 ± 0.0037.The analysis nucleotide display 0.0053 0.0026 recorded 318 polymorphic sites with average number 40 9. Almost missense appeared RBD region, deletion insertion occurred NTD region.Besides, note conserved mutation Vietnam, namely C21618T G21987A T22200G G22578A C22674T T22679C C22686T A22688G G22775A A22786C G22813T T22882G G22992A C22995A A23013C A23040G A23055G A23063T T23075C A23403G C23525T T23599G C23604A C23854A G23948T A24424T T24469A, C25000T.Furthermore, networks provided correlation between infection gene.Ultimately, propose close relation BA.2 BA.4,BA.5 through network, which necessary T22917G (L452R), T23018G (F486V), other novel will appear gene.The network whole picture supporting tracing source a new outbreak future.

Язык: Английский

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