Characterization of culturable microbiota associated with the skin of amphibians (Anura) in the southern Andes Mountains of Ecuador

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

Ecuador is recognized for having a high diversity of anuran spp., which are distributed mainly south the Andes mountains. However, due to its geographic location and accessibility, there few studies related these amphibians. The objective this study was explore bacterial fungal biodiversity present on skin wild spp. in locations Zamora Chinchipe, Loja, Cañar Azuay, Morona Santiago through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed presence 29 taxa 9 taxa, consisting of: Pseudomonas chlororaphis (28%), Acinetobacter iwoffii (14%), fluorescens Hortaea werneckii (26.4%), Fusarium solani (20.5%), Syncephalastrum respectively. Diversity varied across five sampling locations, with proving be significant driver diversity. Some most abundant genera have important associations diseases. work represents first glimpse into complex bacteria fungi inhabiting understudied substrate, further will needed better understand at along development necessary animal protection conservation measures.

Язык: Английский

Reinvigorating AMR resilience: leveraging CRISPR–Cas technology potentials to combat the 2024 WHO bacterial priority pathogens for enhanced global health security—a systematic review

Tropical Medicine and Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 53(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas system technology offers promising tool to combat AMR by targeting disabling genes WHO bacterial priority pathogens. Thus, we systematically reviewed the potential of CRISPR–Cas address AMR. Methods This systematic review adhered Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Scopus PubMed databases, focusing on publications from 2014 June 2024. Keywords included “CRISPR/Cas,” “antimicrobial resistance,” “pathogen.” The eligibility criteria required original studies involving CRISPR/Cas systems that targeted Data were extracted eligible studies, qualitatively synthesized, assessed bias Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)-standardized tool. Results 48 revealed diverse systems, including CRISPR–Cas9, CRISPR–Cas12a, CRISPR–Cas3, various genes, such as blaOXA-232, blaNDM, blaCTX-M, ermB, vanA, mecA , fosA3 blaKPC mcr-1, which are responsible carbapenem, cephalosporin, methicillin, macrolide, vancomycin, colistin, fosfomycin resistance. Some have explored role CRISPR virulence gene suppression, enterotoxin tsst1 iutA Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae . Delivery mechanisms include bacteriophages, nanoparticles, electro-transformation, conjugative plasmids, demonstrate high efficiency vitro vivo. CRISPR-based diagnostic applications demonstrated sensitivity specificity, with detection limits low 2.7 × 10 2 CFU/mL, significantly outperforming conventional methods. Experimental reported significant reductions resistant populations complete suppression strains. Engineered phagemid particles plasmid-curing been shown eliminate IncF cured plasmids carrying vanA mcr-1 blaNDM 94% efficiency, restore antibiotic susceptibility. Gene re-sensitization strategies used susceptibility E. coli blaKPC-2-mediated carbapenem MDR bacteria. Whole-genome sequencing bioinformatics tools provided deeper insights into CRISPR-mediated defense mechanisms. Optimization enhanced gene-editing efficiencies, offering approach tackling high-priority Conclusions has across While promising, challenges optimizing vivo delivery, mitigating resistance, navigating ethical-regulatory barriers must be addressed facilitate clinical translation.

Язык: Английский

Pharmacokinetics, Withdrawal Time, and Physiological Effects of Single Oral Administration of Enrofloxacin in Dybowski’s Frog (Rana dybowskii)

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(4), С. 417 - 417

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2025

Background: As a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, enrofloxacin (ENR) is commonly employed to manage bacterial infections in aquatic species. Nevertheless, there have been no documented pharmacokinetic and residue studies conducted on Dybowski’s frog (Rana dybowskii). Therefore, the objective of our study was characterize pharmacokinetics (PK) ENR its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) R. dybowskii, establish withdrawal times, evaluate physiological effects associated with administration. Methods: Adult Rana dybowskii (120 individuals; 60 males females) were sex-separated acclimated four tanks. Prior dosing, three females randomly selected as untreated controls (without administration). Following oral gavage (10 mg/kg), blood, liver, kidney tissues collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 h (n = 6) for analysis. Muscle oviduct additionally sampled 3, 7, 15, 30 days post-dose content determination. Serum/tissue concentrations measured via Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyzed using non-compartmental model (WinNonLin 6.1 software) calculate PK parameters including peak time (Tmax), concentration (Cmax), area under curve (AUC0−t). In studying physiology administration, biochemical enzyme activities gene expressions liver intestine assessed post-ENR Results: demonstrated rapid absorption extensive distribution dybowskii. The periods determined be over 33 34 an increase immune enzymes (AKP (alkaline phosphatase) ACP (acid phosphatase)) well glycolytic (HK (hexokinase), (pyruvate kinase), PFK (phosphofructokinase)). Antioxidant levels, specifically SOD (superoxide dismutase) CAT (catalase), peaked 1.5 administration but subsequently declined by 8 mark. Additionally, following treatment, IGF1, PI3K, Akt exhibited up-regulation, whereas Keap1 GYS1 showed down-regulation. Conclusions: dosage 10 mg/kg significantly enhances AKP ACP, promotes glycolysis, activates Keap1/Nrf2 PI3K-Akt signaling pathways These findings foundation rational application determination times aquaculture.

Язык: Английский