The Haemagglutinin Genes of the UK Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2020 to 2022 Retain Strong Avian Phenotype DOI
Jiayun Yang,

Rebecca Daines,

Pengxiang Chang

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024

Abstract Since 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) has suffered repeated epizootics of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in wild birds and poultry, resulting substantial economic losses due to enforced statutory control. The rapid evolution HPAIVs continues raise concern with heightened zoonotic pandemic risks. immunodominant haemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is crucial for virus receptor binding pH-induced fusion viral cellular membranes. Mutations HA are frequent polymerase error, immune pressure host adaptation, antigenic modulation and/or an expansion tropism, respectively, ultimately hindering control strategies. We evaluated a comprehensive panel representing prevalent genotypes from UK outbreaks spanning 2020 2022 functionality. genes each genotype were assessed through binding, pH fusion, thermostability inhibition assays evaluate factors contributing potential, stability, antigenicity. only bound receptors exhibited at 5.8, above range (pH 5.0 5.5) associated efficient human-to-human transmission. Therefore, these have low immediate threat. Contemporary more thermostable showed drift compared earlier 2017-2018 H5N8 viruses, N236D was identified as significant epitope. findings this study underscore evolving nature highlight importance ongoing surveillance characterisation efforts identify that might contribute risk.

Язык: Английский

Detection and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 in the Antarctic Region DOI Creative Commons
Ashley C. Banyard, Ashley Bennison, Alexander M. P. Byrne

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

50
Impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) on a Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis population wintering on the Solway Firth, UK DOI Creative Commons
Larry Griffin, Will J. Peach

Bird Study, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 12

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Capsule An outbreak of HPAI H5N1 amongst wintering Barnacle Geese in 2021/22 killed approximately 31% the population (11,400 birds) with mortality peaking during December 2021 and first-year birds being under-represented carcass collections.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk DOI Creative Commons
Jenna Schafers, Caroline J. Warren, Jiayun Yang

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Abstract In late 2023 an H5N1 lineage of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) began circulating in American dairy cattle Concerningly, titres were detected cows’ milk, raising the concern that milk could be a route human infection. Cows’ is typically pasteurised to render it safe for consumption, but effectiveness pasteurisation on viruses was uncertain. To assess this, here we evaluate heat inactivation panel different viruses. This includes and A (IAVs), D naturally infects cattle, recombinant IAVs carrying contemporary or bovine glycoproteins. At temperatures 63 °C 72 °C, find viral infectivity rapidly lost becomes undetectable before times recommended (30 minutes 15 seconds, respectively). We then show HPAIV effectively inactivated by comparable treatment, even though its genetic material remains detectable. conclude conditions should inactivate unpasteurised carry infectious

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
The Haemagglutinin Gene of Bovine-Origin H5N1 Influenza Viruses Currently Retains Receptor-binding and pH-fusion Characteristics of Avian Host Phenotype DOI Creative Commons
Jiayun Yang, Mehnaz Qureshi,

Rajesh Kolli

и другие.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has caused a panzootic affecting all continents except Australia, expanding its host range to several mammalian species. In March 2024, HPAIV was first detected in dairy cattle and goats the United States. Over 891 farms across 16 states have tested positive until 25th December with zoonotic infections reported among workers. This raises concerns about undergoing evolutionary changes that could enhance potential. The Influenza glycoprotein haemagglutinin (HA) facilitates entry into cells through receptor binding pH-induced fusion cellular membranes. Adaptive HA modulate virus-host cell interactions. study compared genes of goat viruses dominant avian-origin clade Kingdom, focusing on binding, pH fusion, thermostability. All showed exclusively avian-like receptors, 5.9, outside associated efficient human airborne transmissibility (pH 5.0 5.5). We further investigated impact emerging substitutions seen ongoing outbreaks, but saw little phenotypic difference, continued exclusive analogues pHs above 5.8. suggests from outbreaks do not pose an enhanced threat circulating viruses. However, given rapid evolution H5 viruses, continuous monitoring updated risk assessments remain essential understanding pandemic risks.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Detection and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 in the Antarctic Region DOI Open Access
Ashley Bennison, Alexander M. P. Byrne, Scott M. Reid

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2023

Abstract Until recent events, the Antarctic was only major geographical region in which high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) had never previously been detected. The current panzootic of H5N1 HPAIV has decimated wild bird populations across Europe, North America, and South America. Here we report on detection clade 2.3.4.4b sub-Antarctic regions Georgia Falkland Islands, respectively. We initially detected samples collected from brown skuas at Bird Island, 8 th October 2023. Since this detection, mortalities were observed skuas, kelp gulls, shag, tern, elephant seals fur multiple sites Georgia. Subsequent testing confirmed several sampling locations species two seal species. Simultaneously, also southern fulmar black-browed albatross Islands. Genetic assessment indicates spread likely through movement migratory birds. Critically, genetic sequences mammalian demonstrates no increased risk to human populations. describe impact composition propose both introductory routes potential long-term region. speculate threat specific following reports area.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

40
Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk DOI Creative Commons
Jenna Schafers, Caroline J. Warren, Jiayun Yang

и другие.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Abstract In late 2023 an H5N1 lineage of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) began circulating in American dairy cattle 1 . Concerningly, titres were detected cows’ milk, raising the concern that milk could be a route human infection. Cows’ is typically pasteurised to render it safe for consumption, but effectiveness pasteurisation on viruses was uncertain. To assess this, we evaluated heat inactivation panel different viruses. This included and A (IAVs), D naturally infects cattle, recombinant IAVs carrying contemporary or bovine glycoproteins. At temperatures, viral infectivity rapidly lost became undetectable before times recommended pasteurisation. We then showed HPAIV effectively inactivated by comparable treatment, even though its genetic material remained detectable. conclude industry standard conditions should inactivate unpasteurised carry infectious

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

10
Using ring (band) recovery data to examine the impact of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) on wild bird populations DOI
Daniel T. Johnston, Philip W. Atkinson,

Ellie I. Leech

и другие.

Bird Study, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 12

Опубликована: Май 2, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Assessing the vulnerability of wild bird populations to high pathogenicity avian influenza DOI
James W. Pearce‐Higgins, Gary D. Clewley, Mark Bolton

и другие.

Bird Study, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
The Role of Airborne Particles in the Epidemiology of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Poultry Production Units DOI Creative Commons
Joe James, Caroline J. Warren,

Dilhani De Silva

и другие.

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 1002 - 1002

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2023

Since October 2021, Europe has experienced the largest avian influenza virus (AIV) epizootic, caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV), with over 284 poultry infected premises (IPs) and 2480 dead H5N1-positive wild birds detected in Great Britain alone. Many IPs have presented as geographical clusters, raising questions about lateral spread between airborne particles. Airborne transmission short distances been observed for some strains. However, risk of this strain remains to be elucidated. We conducted extensive sampling from where HPAIVs were confirmed during 2022/23 each representing a major species (ducks, turkeys, chickens). A range environmental samples collected inside outside houses, including deposited dust, feathers, other potential fomites. Viral RNA (vRNA) infectious viruses air but close proximity vRNA alone being at greater (≤10 m) outside. Some dust affected houses contained viruses, while feathers located up 80 m away, only vRNA. Together, these data suggest that particles harboring HPAIV can translocated (<10 through air, macroscopic containing might travel further (≤80 m). Therefore, is considered low. Other factors, indirect contact efficiency biosecurity, represent importance disease incursion.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

22
A case study of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 at Bird Island, South Georgia: the first documented outbreak in the subantarctic region DOI Creative Commons
Ashley Bennison,

Stacey Adlard,

Ashley C. Banyard

и другие.

Bird Study, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 12

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

9