Factors, enablers and challenges for COVID-19 vaccine development

BMJ Global Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(6), С. e011879 - e011879

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a sense of vulnerability and urgency that led to concerted actions by governments, funders, regulators industry overcome traditional challenges for the development vaccine candidates reach authorisation. Unprecedented financial investments, massive demand, accelerated clinical regulatory reviews were among key factors contributed accelerating approval vaccines. rapid vaccines benefited previous scientific innovations such as mRNA recombinant vectors proteins. This has created new era vaccinology, with powerful platform technologies model development. These lessons learnt highlight need strong leadership, bring together global health organisations, manufacturers, scientists, private sector, civil society philanthropy, generate innovative, fair equitable access mechanisms populations worldwide build more efficient effective ecosystem prepare other pandemics may emerge. With longer-term view, must be developed incentives expertise manufacturing can leveraged low/middle-income countries markets ensure equity in innovation, delivery. creation hubs appropriate sustained training, particular Africa, is certainly way future public safeguard economic security continent guarantee access, however capacity interpandemic period.

Язык: Английский

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mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases — advances, challenges and opportunities

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccines and the pandemic: lessons learnt for other neglected diseases and future threats

BMJ Global Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(6), С. e011883 - e011883

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Through the experiences gained by accelerating new vaccines for both Ebola virus infection and COVID-19 in a public health emergency, vaccine development has benefited from ‘multiple shots on goal’ approach to targets. This embraces simultaneous of candidates with differing technologies, including, when feasible, vesicular stomatitis or adenovirus vectors, messenger RNA (mRNA), whole inactivated virus, nanoparticle recombinant protein which led multiple effective vaccines. The challenge inequity, as spread globally, created situation where cutting-edge mRNA technologies were preferentially supplied multinational pharmaceutical companies high-income countries while low middle-income (LMICs) pushed back queue relied more heavily adenoviral vector, To prevent this occurring future pandemics, it is essential expand scale-up capacity traditional at individual hubs LMICs. In parallel, process tech transfer LMIC producers needs be facilitated funded, building national regulatory capacity, aim several reaching ‘stringent regulator’ status. Access doses an start but not sufficient, healthcare infrastructure vaccination combating dangerous antivaccine programmes require support. Finally, there urgency establish international framework through United Nations Pandemic Treaty promote, support harmonise robust, coordinated global response.

Язык: Английский

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Which roads lead to access? A global landscape of six COVID-19 vaccine innovation models

Globalization and Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2024

Abstract Background Unequal and inequitable access to Covid-19 vaccines in low- middle-income countries (L&MICs) was a major political, ethical public health failure the pandemic. However, vaccine developers’ practices were not monolithic, but rather, took diverse approaches supplying different countries, with important implications for global access. Results Using data on R&D investments, regulatory approvals, manufacturing purchase agreements, deliveries, we identified six distinct innovation models that apply across 14 COVID-19 more international presence from 2020–2022. “Western Early Arrivers” Pfizer/BioNTech Moderna supplied largest volumes quickly prioritized high-income (HICs) registration delivery. Latecomers” Janssen Novavax intermediate later, also prioritizing HICs greater proportion L&MICs. “Major Chinese Developers” Sinopharm Sinovac early, primarily (MICs). “Russian Developer” Gamaleya completed development early ultimately small volumes, “Cosmopolitan Oxford/AstraZeneca large MICs at lowest prices. Finally, “Small MIC CanSino, Bharat Biotech, Medigen, Finlay Institute Center Genetic Engineering Biotechnology (CGEB), exported relatively few MICs. Low-income (LICs) targeted by any developer, received far fewer doses, than other income group. Almost all developers funding forms of support, found little evidence such support leveraged expand Conclusions Each has which get vaccines, how quickly, offers strengths weaknesses achieving equitable Our findings suggest Western firms had greatest capacity develop deliver during pandemic, is rapidly becoming globally distributed playing significant role, especially Given critical role enabling pandemic supply, governments have both responsibility craft rules will make responses future pandemics effective.

Язык: Английский

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The Key to Increase Immunogenicity of Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines Lies in the Inclusion of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein

Journal of Immunology Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024, С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

Vaccination is one of the most effective prophylactic public health interventions for prevention infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Considering ongoing need new COVID-19 vaccines, it crucial to modify our approach and incorporate more conserved regions severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) effectively address emerging viral variants. The nucleocapsid protein a structural SARS-CoV-2 that involved in replication immune responses. Furthermore, this offers significant advantages owing minimal accumulation mutations over time inclusion key T-cell epitopes critical immunity. A novel strategy may be suitable generation vaccines against use combination antigens, including spike proteins, elicit robust humoral potent cellular responses, along with long-lasting strategic multiple antigens aims enhance vaccine efficacy broaden protection viruses, their response from other long-lasting, can persist up 11 years post-infection. Thus, incorporation nucleocapsids (N) into design adds an important dimension vaccination efforts holds promise bolstering ability combat effectively. In review, we summarize preclinical studies evaluated antigen. This study discusses alone its or proteins SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccination Coverage on the Global Burden of Guillain–Barré Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in 204 Countries and Territories

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Association of gross domestic product with equitable access to childhood vaccines in 195 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Global Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1), С. e015693 - e015693

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Gross domestic product (GDP) has been shown to affect government spending on various budget heads including healthcare and the purchase distribution of vaccines. This vulnerable situation exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic which disrupted exposed fragile nature equitable access vaccines for childhood immunisation globally. A systematic review meta-analysis assess association country income status GDP with vaccination coverage other major infectious diseases around globe will inform global national policy equity in living standards vaccine uptake. study was carried out identify factors influenced that access, distribution, uptake world using a approach. Data were extracted burden programmes, affecting vaccines, procurement platforms, percentage used Factors influencing rate also assessed. The protocol registered PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022350418) Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines. from 195 countries showed following had highest burden; human papillomavirus (HPV), measles, Ebola yellow fever. Low-income some lower-middle-income (LMICs) COVAX UNICEF while high-income (HICs) preferred regional public tenders. Global tuberculosis, diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, polio, meningitis HPV significantly higher than COVID-19. Being an HIC having data collected 1985 2015 as most current associated high coverage. spent did not influence LMICs should prioritise research improve development capacity. Countries worldwide share expenditure, coverage, introduction new technologies facilitate access.

Язык: Английский

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Is Associated With Increased Odds of Preterm Birth

Acta Paediatrica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim To analyse whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination during pregnancy increases the odds of preterm birth. Methods A rapid review and meta‐analysis was performed. The main outcome risk (gestational week less than 37) fixed‐effects model used to pooled ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Evidence certainty assessed according GRADE. Results We included six randomised controlled trials 17 656 births two observational studies 3446 births. for birth were increased in (OR 1.17, CI 1.02–1.34). No evidence a difference seen 0.93, 0.69–1.25). Combined, these showed 1.13, 1.00–1.27). rated be moderate. When restricted market‐approved vaccine, seemed RCTs 1.21, 0.98–1.49). Conclusion Based on available evidence, RSV seems associated needs continuous population‐level safety data monitoring perinatal outcomes early phases vaccine rollouts detect possible signals further confirm magnitude effect

Язык: Английский

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Investment Opportunities for mRNA Technology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Key Findings and Future Perspectives

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 112 - 112

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

In April 2024, a hybrid meeting organized by the WHO, PAHO, and MPP during World Bank Spring Meetings focused on financing mRNA-based technologies in Low- Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This sought to engage multilateral development banks (MDBs) stakeholders expansion of vaccine production enhancing pandemic preparedness. The COVID-19 underscored disparities distribution, highlighting need for localized improve global health equity. WHO’s mRNA Technology Transfer Programme, initiated 2021, aims build local capacity manufacturing. Key sessions covered include innovative investment models, with MDBs discussing funding instruments necessity an integrated ecosystem sustainable Challenges such as technological risks higher risk appetite were addressed, along mechanisms like blended financing. An analysis capital operational expenditures facilities was presented, projecting significant LMICs within decade. Panelists emphasized R&D shared experiences securing technology. importance collaboration, financing, development, public–private partnerships, marking pivotal step towards advancing technology tackle challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond the Needle: Innovative Microneedle-Based Transdermal Vaccination

Medicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1), С. 4 - 4

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Vaccination represents a critical preventive strategy in the current global healthcare system, serving as an indispensable intervention against diverse pathogenic threats. Although conventional immunization relies predominantly on hypodermic needle-based administration, this method carries substantial limitations, including needle-associated fear, bloodborne pathogen transmission risks, occupational injuries among workers, waste management issues, and dependence trained medical personnel. Microneedle technology has emerged innovative vaccine delivery offering convenient, effective, minimally invasive administration. These microscale needle devices facilitate targeted antigen to epidermal dermal tissues, where abundant populations of antigen-presenting cells, specifically Langerhans dendritic provide robust immunological responses. Multiple research groups have extensively investigated microneedle-based vaccination strategies. This transdermal technique offers several advantages, notably circumventing cold-chain requirements enabling self-administration. Numerous preclinical investigations clinical trials demonstrated safety profile, immunogenicity, patient acceptance microneedle-mediated across applications. comprehensive review examines fundamental aspects immunization, principles, transcutaneous strategies, delivery-including classifications, barriers. Furthermore, addresses technical considerations, such treatment efficacy, application methodologies, wear duration, dimensional optimization, manufacturing processes, regulatory frameworks, sustainability followed by analysis future perspective technology.

Язык: Английский

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