Influence of Foods and Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome and Implications for Intestinal Health

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(17), С. 9588 - 9588

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022

Food components in our diet provide not only necessary nutrients to body but also substrates for the mutualistic microbial flora gastrointestinal tract, termed gut microbiome. Undigested food are metabolized a diverse array of metabolites. Thus, what we eat shapes structure, composition, and function microbiome, which interacts with epithelium mucosal immune system maintains intestinal homeostasis healthy state. Alterations microbiome implicated many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is growing interest nutritional therapy target IBD. Investigations into dietary effects on composition changes flourished recent years, few focused physiology. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding impacts major their metabolites health consequences, specifically within GI tract. Additionally, influence microbiome-host interaction IBD discussed. Understanding host will be useful developing strategies maintain restore

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota revolution: How gut microbes regulate our lives

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(28), С. 4368 - 4383

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023

The human intestine is a natural environment ecosystem of complex diversified and dynamic microorganisms, determined through process competition selection during life. Those intestinal microorganisms called microbiota are involved in variety mechanisms the organism, they interact with host therefore contact organs various systems. However, play crucial role maintaining homeostasis, also influencing its behaviour. Thus, perform series biological functions important for well-being. provides nutrients, simultaneously drawing many benefits such as their contribution to metabolic, trophic, immunological, other functions. For these reasons it has been reported that quantitative qualitative composition can protective or harmful on health. Therefore, dysbiosis lead an association unfavourable factors which dysregulation physiological processes homeostasis. pre-viously noted gut participate pathogenesis autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, obesity atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (e.g., autism, etc.) colorectal cancer, more.

Язык: Английский

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Broadening oncological boundaries: the intratumoral microbiota

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(8), С. 807 - 822

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2024

The microbiota of solid tumors was identified >100 years ago; however, heterogeneous composition and diversity have been revealed only recently. Growing evidence has suggested that several functional mechanisms the intratumoral affect tumorigenesis progression, suggesting is a promising biomarker for multiple cancers. low biomass poses major challenge to related research, thus necessitating use multiple-modality integrated framework resolve this dilemma. Advanced techniques such as single-cell sequencing provide significant clues, gradual optimization experiments culture-based methods enables deeper investigation underlying involved. In review, we outline current state research on describe challenges comprehensive strategies future research.

Язык: Английский

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Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk

Cancers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(18), С. 4525 - 4525

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Lung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play important role as risk factors for LC. E-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) use has been dramatically increasing world-wide. There growing concern that EVPs consumption may increase because contain several proven carcinogenic compounds. However, relationship between not well established. E-cigarette contains nicotine derivatives (e.g., nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), heavy metals (including organometal compounds), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, flavorings (aldehydes complex organics). Several toxicants have contribute Proven plausible carcinogens could be physical (ionizing non-ionizing radiation), chemicals (such asbestos, formaldehyde, dioxins), cobalt, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel). Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicles industrial exhausts, linked Although extensive prevention policies smoking reduction strategies adopted globally, dangers remain. Combined, both toxic exposures demonstrate significant synergistic oncogenicity. This review aims analyze current publications on importance pathogenesis

Язык: Английский

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Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2023

Colonies formed by bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viral groups their genomes, metabolites, expressed proteins constitute complex human microbiomes. An increasing evidences showed that carcinogenesis disease progression were link to Different organ sources, microbial species, metabolites are different; the mechanisms of carcinogenic or procancerous also different. Here, we summarize how microbiomes contribute in cancers skin, mouth, esophagus, lung, gastrointestinal, genital, blood, lymph malignancy. We insight into molecular triggering, promoting, inhibiting progress induced or/and secretions bioactive metabolites. And then, strategies application microorganisms cancer treatment discussed detail. However, which function still poorly understood. The bidirectional interactions between microbiotas endocrine systems need be clarified. Probiotics prebiotics believed benefit health via a variety mechanisms, particular, tumor inhibition. It is largely unknown agents cause progresses. expect this review may open new perspectives on possible therapeutic approaches patients with cancer.

Язык: Английский

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Tear biomarkers

Advances in clinical chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 69 - 115

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Advancing precision oncology: Insights into the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy outcomes

The Innovation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(4), С. 100656 - 100656

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

The tumor microenvironment represents a dynamic and multifaceted milieu characterized by the complex interactions of diverse cellular non-cellular constituents.1Lee H.Y. Song M. Stopsack K.H. et al.The Cancer Spectrum Theory.Cancer Discov. 2024; 14: 589-593Crossref Scopus (0) Google Scholar,2Inamura K. Hamada T. Bullman S. al.Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic environmental diseases: opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science.Gut. 2022; 71: 2107-2122Crossref (21) Scholar These constituents include cells, microorganisms, immune other stromal extracellular matrices. orchestration these components intricately contributes to evolution shapes responses cancer treatment (Figure 1). A better understanding is critical elucidate etiology develop more efficient therapeutic strategies. In recent years, growing interest has emerged in disentangling role between immunotherapy settings. Although accumulating evidence indicates that play roles pathogenesis and, therefore, are considered attractive targets, effects on response checkpoint inhibitors gastrointestinal not fully understood. Two noteworthy studies, conducted Jia al.3Jia Chen Y. Xie al.Helicobacter pylori cancer.Innovation. 5100561https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100561Abstract Full Text PDF (1) al.,4Chen Sun al.Predicting gastric via multi-dimensional analyses tumour microenvironment.Nat. Commun. 13: 4851Crossref PubMed (55) provided intriguing insights into microenvironment, which could affect cancers. al. examined effect Helicobacter infection targeting CD274 (programmed cell death 1 ligand [PD-L1])/PDCD1 [PD-1]) axis cancers, including gastric, colorectal, esophageal cancers.3Jia authors investigated immune-related progression-free survival (PFS); i.e., duration from initiation disease progression or death. Among 636 patients with Epstein-Barr virus-negative non-microsatellite instability (MSI)-high who received immunotherapy, H. detected 13C-urea breath tests was associated longer PFS. also showed pylori-positive carcinomas displayed higher densities (PD-L1)+ cells non-exhausted CD8+ T than pylori-negative cancer, supported their results analyses. By contrast, among DNA mismatch repair-deficient/MSI-high colorectal (N = 112) 319) treated inhibitors, shorter This extensive analysis3Jia highlights complexity relationship different types. Further clinical studies long-term follow-up needed confirm findings clarify possible pylori-mediated immunomodulation replication needed, this study3Jia may have significant implications, study suggests status serve potential biomarker guiding decisions upper There several mechanisms how affects efficacy, prognosis. been reported interfere repair capabilities, modulate functions, inhibit colonization bacteria microenvironment.3Jia changes might efficacy However, exact largely unknown, future warranted. evolving landscape oncology demands host-tumor improve effectiveness immunotherapy. impact tumor-infiltrating profiles To address research gap, an integrative analysis multiplex immunohistochemistry data 80 patients.4Chen Considering density CD4+FOXP3−CD274 CD8+PDCD1 (PD-1)−LAG3− CD68+STING1+ macrophages spatial organization (i.e., number divided total within defined distance) (PD-1)+LAG3− they developed features, promise predicting anti-CD274 (PD-L1)/PDCD1 (PD-1) patient survival. One important implications study4Chen translational approach. We potentially revolutionize practice using features new predictive biomarker. Their suggest any single be sufficient optimally due cancer. Such particularly valuable, strongly encourages holistic approach development biomarkers, will lead deeper interplay various microenvironment. testament significance biomarkers effective precision Both studies3Jia Scholar,4Chen affecting subsequent further predict many questions remain unanswered. First, what generalizability findings? were institution China, poses uncertainty terms reproducibility results. It validate larger independent cohorts populations. Second, why do certain tumors given feature? Future integrating exposomic, microbial, immune, tumoral profiling gain additional biological etiology.2Inamura Third, does age at diagnosis particular, early-onset cancers (commonly diagnosed before 50) later-onset cancers? Increasing incidence malignancies, colorectum, esophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, stomach problem.5Ugai Sasamoto N. Lee al.Is emerging global epidemic? Current implications.Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 19: 656-673Crossref (145) Tumor genomic, vs. warranted views aging development. conclusion, both exemplify great characterizing bring us closer goal personalized treatment. subset still face early recurrence would benefit postoperative chemotherapy, highlighting need reliable prognostic risk stratification. Traditional methods, histopathological, genetic, mutational analyses, so far insufficient identifying patients. As indicated studies,3Jia holds immense discovery, leading highlight microbial/immune detailed assessments exposome comprehensively understand Recent advances immunology microbiology immensely improved our driving ongoing transformation classification systems based pathogenic mechanisms. integrations population underlying immunopreventative immunotherapeutic work S.O. part Research UK Grand Challenge Award (6340201/A27140) NIH grant (R01 CA248857). T.U. R50 CA27412, Brigham Women's Hospital Faculty Career Development Award, Investigator Initiated Grant American Institute (AICR), Prevent Foundation Fellowship, Harvey V. Fineberg Fellowship Prevention Harvard T.H. Chan School Public Health. S.U. Uehara Memorial Foundation. Society Clinical Professor. declare no competing interests.

Язык: Английский

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Colorectal Cancer Spectrum: From Subtypes and Epidemiology to Oncotherapies

Gastroenterology & Endoscopy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Immune Checkpoint Molecules: A Review on Pathways and Immunotherapy Implications

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Today, treating cancer patients with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), by targeting immune checkpoints, is one of the most outstanding immunotherapeutic methods. Immune checkpoints are special molecules having regulatory role in system responses. Once these presented on cells, cells will be capable evading through their own specific pathways. This Evasion can prevented counterbalancing responses related antibodies. Aims The current study aimed to highlight immunotherapy and its methods, describe pathways, outline checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), recent advances this field, sketch an outlook best treatment options for prevalent cancers. Materials & Methods research implemented a narrative review method. A comprehensive literature history, molecular cellular biology, clinical aspects was performed illustrate pathways involved various Also, currently‐available future potential immunotherapies were extracted from searched studies. Results family consists many molecules, including CTLA‐4, PD‐1, PD‐L1, LAG‐3, TIM‐3, TIGIT. Attempts modify led development therapeutic Most have entered studies some them been approved Food Drug Administration (FDA) used patients' plans. Discussion With novel treatments combination therapies they offer, there also hope better outcomes previously untreatable metastatic In spite beneficial therapy, similar other treatments, may cause side effects patients. Therefore, more needed reduce probable uncover underlying mechanism. Conclusion Based data shown review, still lack knowledge about complete properties ICIs possible that we able implement achieve response

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Characteristics of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer According to Detailed Anatomical Locations: Comparison With Later-Onset Cases

The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 118(4), С. 712 - 726

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2022

Early-onset colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years has been increasing. Likely reflecting pathogenic role intestinal microbiome, which gradually changes across entire length, prevalence certain tumor molecular characteristics along subsites. Understanding how features differ by and location is important in personalized patient management.

Язык: Английский

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