Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes

Molecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(20), С. 7209 - 7209

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2023

The clinical relationship between diabetes and inflammation is well established. Evidence clearly indicates that disrupting oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium elevated lipid peroxidation could be a potential mechanism for chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 mellitus (T2DM). Under diabetic conditions, hyperglycemia, especially inflammation, increased reactive oxygen species generation are bidirectionally associated. Inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue damage believed to play role in the development of diabetes. Although exact underlying stress its impact on progression remains uncertain, hyperglycemia-inflammation-oxidative interaction plays significant onset vascular disease, hepatic injury, pancreas and, therefore, holds promise as therapeutic target. strongly use multiple antidiabetic medications fails achieve normal range glycated hemoglobin targets, signifying treatment-resistant Antioxidants polyphenols considered useful adjuvant therapy their anti-inflammatory effect antioxidant activity. We aimed analyze current major points reported preclinical, vivo, studies antioxidants prevention or treatment T2DM. Then, we will share our speculative vision future trials.

Язык: Английский

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Non-Invasive Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 1225 - 1225

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are the most common complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. With widespread use ICIs in patients with solid tumors, up to 40% develop irAEs within five months treatment, and 11% severe requiring interventions. A predictive test for would be a crucial tool monitoring complications during after ICI We performed an extensive review potential biomarkers who received Currently, only thyroid-stimulating hormone is utilized clinical practice. This due unavailability commercial tests unclear values from various studies. Given lack single strong biomarkers, some novel approaches using composite scores genomic, transcriptomics, cytokine levels, or parameters appear appealing. Still, these have yet validated incorporated into Further research conducted validate models before implementing them real-world settings will utmost importance irAE prediction.

Язык: Английский

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Cutaneous immune-related adverse events to immune checkpoint inhibitors: from underlying immunological mechanisms to multi-omics prediction

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2023

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically altered the landscape therapy for multiple malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and gastric cancer. As part their anti-tumor properties, ICIs can enhance susceptibility to inflammatory side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), in which skin is one most commonly rapidly affected organs. Although numerous questions still remain unanswered, multi-omics technologies have shed light into immunological mechanisms, well correlation between ICI-induced activation systems incidence cirAE (cutaneous irAEs). Therefore, we reviewed integrated biological layers omics studies combined with clinical data prediction biomarkers cirAEs based on pathogenesis. Here, provide an overview a spectrum dermatological irAEs, discuss pathogenesis this “off-tumor toxicity” during ICI treatment, summarize recently investigated that may predictive value via approach. Finally, demonstrate prognostic significance blockades.

Язык: Английский

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On the Similarity Between Postpartum Autoimmune Abnormalities and Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAE) by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): The Placenta as a PD-L1-Rich Immune-Tolerant Organ

ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 58(1), С. 1 - 8

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Immune tolerance is essential for safeguarding the body's own tissues from immune system attacks. During pregnancy, maternal tolerates semi-allogeneic fetus through mechanisms such as placental programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-ligand (PD-L1) expression, regulatory T cells (Tregs), cytokine modulation, and hormonal changes. Placental PD-L1 particularly important in suppressing responses preventing fetal rejection. Following delivery, loss of PD-L1-rich placenta can destabilize tolerance, potentially leading to postpartum autoimmune diseases fulminant type diabetes, characterized by rapid insulin depletion severe hyperglycemia. Similarly, checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), widely used cancer immunotherapy, block checkpoints like PD-1 enhance antitumor immunity disrupting immunotolerance tumors. However, this mechanism sometimes result immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including diabetes. Given critical role HLA haplotypes environmental factors development conditions, identifying shared among individuals patients undergoing ICI therapy who experience abnormalities could provide valuable insights. Such understanding may improve strategies managing associated with both changes treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Biomarkers in advanced renal cell carcinoma: current practice and future directions

Current Opinion in Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Purpose of review This focuses on contemporary research into potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) published over the past 18 months. Beyond serum lab values, there is no consensus use specific this purpose. Potential being investigated consist genetic, protein, immunologic, radiologic candidates. Recent findings New insights in genomic include a better understanding VHL mutational heterogeneity, tumor burden, importance genes like PBRM1 SETD2 . Protein such as C-reactive protein (CRP) PDZK1 have demonstrated utility predicting disease progression, response, survival, while immunologic PSMD2, cytokines, Tregs continue to shed light microenvironment immune evasion. Emerging imaging biomarkers, from CAIX-targeted radiotracers PSMA-based PET-CT, offer noninvasive diagnostic tools that may revolutionize RCC management. Summary There are several promising currently under investigation RCC.

Язык: Английский

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Reaching the Diagnosis of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Different Clinical Scenarios: A Real-World Application of Updated Diagnostic Criteria

Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. 40 - 40

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Background: Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)-associated diabetes mellitus (CPI-DM) is a rare immune-related adverse event (irAE) that presents with variable clinical manifestations. Data about its pathogenesis have not yet been adequately studied. Methods: Applying the recently updated diagnostic criteria from American Diabetes Association, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of all CPI-treated patients referred to our endocrinological unit for managing their endocrine irAEs and analyzed incidence CPI-DM, characteristics, management. Results: Among 326 irAEs, 4 met diagnosis representing 1.22% in cohort. These four presented distinct scenarios regarding irAE onset, underlying malignancy, administered CPI regimen, type circulating autoantibodies. Conclusion: The presentation CPI-DM non-standard sensitivity presence 1 DM traditional autoantibodies highlight need guidelines increased awareness

Язык: Английский

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A Brain, A Heart, and the Courage: Balancing Benefit and Toxicity of Immunotherapy in Melanoma

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

The overall survival of advanced melanoma has improved dramatically. Immunotherapies, specifically checkpoint inhibitors, have played a large role in this improvement. These agents also shown benefit the adjuvant setting, are approved for treatment resected stage II, III, and IV melanoma, play an evolving neoadjuvant setting. Although generally well tolerated, immune-related adverse events occur can be severe. Here we focus on some severe potentially long term toxicities, including cardiovascular neurologic toxicities. Our understanding acute long-term toxicities immune inhibitors continues to evolve. Oncologists must continue balance cancer risk treatment-related

Язык: Английский

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Review – The impact of pharmacogenetics on the outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Cancer Treatment Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 122, С. 102662 - 102662

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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NLRC5germline variants as potential pharmacogenomic markers for immune checkpoint inhibitors

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(6), С. e007255 - e007255

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

I read with interest the recent report by Caulfield et al . In this elegant piece of work, authors performed RNA-seq and whole exome sequencing (WES) on tumors from a small cohort subjects that presented insulin-dependent diabetes after treatment immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which

Язык: Английский

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Response to "NLRC5germline variants and their potential role in eliciting an immune response in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors" by Xiang-Yu Meng

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(6), С. e007397 - e007397

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

To the Editor: We thank Dr Meng for thoughtful letter further elaborating on possible significance of NLRC5 polymorphisms in development immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM) and other immune-related adverse events (irAEs). highlights a

Язык: Английский

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