Study on status, Zoonoses, Biowarfare, Economic and public health importance of anthrax: Review

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(2), С. 027 - 040

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023

Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. It can affect humans and animals, especially grazing livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats. spores are very resistant survive in the environment for long time. People get anthrax from direct contact with infected animals or animal products, inhaling ingesting spores. There four types of infection humans: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, inhalation, injection. also potential bioterrorism agent, it be easily produced dispersed powder liquid. still neglected global health challenge that requires constant vigilance collaboration among various stakeholders. As new technologies strategies emerge, current status trends prophylaxis management need to updated evaluated regularly. The poses significant public economic burden countries, rural areas where main source livelihood. Since endemic Ethiopia awareness its status, economic, zoonoses, significance must addressed. preparedness, threat both natural deliberate outbreaks, enhancing surveillance, outbreak response, diagnostics help prevent control cases humans, reduce social consequences this disease. Therefore, objectives paper review biowarfare, importance anthrax.

Язык: Английский

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Lifting the Veil of Complexity, Demanding for Convergence: An Introduction to the Book “Planetary Health and Climate Change”

Climate change management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 3 - 12

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The humanities and health policy

FACETS, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9, С. 1 - 10

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

COVID-19 was a stark reminder that understanding novel pathogen is essential but insufficient to protect us from disease. Biomedical and technical solutions are necessary, they do not prevent or resolve misinformation, vaccine hesitancy, resistance public health measures, nor sufficient advance the development of more equitable effective healthcare systems. Responding crises such as pandemics requires deep collaboration drawing on multiple methodologies perspectives. Along with science, it imperative understand cultures, values, languages, histories, other determinants human behaviour. This policy briefing argues humanities—a group methodologically diverse fields, including interdisciplinary studies overlap significantly social health—are an underused source cultural insight increasingly important could be better leveraged in collaboration. Humanities disciplines approach illness part condition. Their historical perspective effectively mobilized explore context which science exists evolves, turn, helping forces shaping perceptions, concerns, assumptions.

Язык: Английский

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Preparing for future outbreaks in Ghana: An overview of current COVID-19, monkeypox, and Marburg disease outbreaks

Health Promotion Perspectives, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(3), С. 202 - 211

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Ghana is currently grappling with simultaneous outbreaks of Marburg virus disease and human monkeypox virus. The coexistence these emphasizes imperative for a collaborative global approach to enhance surveillance expedite case detection. While has made efforts respond outbreaks, this paper outlines lessons learned proposes recommendations in regard. It crucial intensify response at local, regional, national levels effectively contain spread infectious diseases. Therefore, suggests prioritizing following as assisting adequately preparing future safeguarding public health: strengthening system through digitization, rapid effective response; risk communication community engagement; healthcare readiness; research collaboration. Also, building healthy policies developing personal skills health personnel across country key outbreak response.

Язык: Английский

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Navigating Novel Viral Challenges: Understanding, Tracking, and Mitigating Emerging Threats

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 807 - 807

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

The emergence of new viral threats continues to pose significant challenges global health security [...].

Язык: Английский

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One Health in two countries: The politics of transdisciplinary healthcare collaboration in Canada and the United States

Healthcare Management Forum, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(6), С. 413 - 417

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

The One Health perspective highlights the potential synergies between human, animal, and environmental health sciences, especially in an era of budget shortfalls, climate change, emerging infectious diseases zoonotic origin. Canadian physicians veterinarians arguably lay foundation late 19

Язык: Английский

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Making Connections: Leopold’s Land Health, Indigenous Ways of Knowing, Social-Ecological Resilience, and One Health

CABI One Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Abstract Leopold’s land health concept provides a holistic view of the relationship between human and ecosystem health. Significantly, similar is found in traditional wisdom Indigenous peoples, as exemplified by “healthy country, healthy people”. A contemporary formulation provided social-ecological resilience, which refers to integrated complex adaptive systems that include social (human) ecological (biophysical) subsystems two-way feedback relationship. Resilience dynamic tools for dealing with change disasters proactively. Building resilience using social/institutional learning governance are relevant One Health, concepts maintenance relationships humans ecosystem. Health Impact Statement The approach centers on interdependence humans, animals, However, have not been developed sufficiently comprehensive approach, pointed out editorial Zinsstag Crump. basic idea behind only goes back many decades Western science but also environmental perception societies. consideration these connections development solid theoretical basis Health.

Язык: Английский

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How Should a One Health Perspective Promote Cross-Disciplinary Research About Bat-Associated Viruses in Uganda?

The AMA Journal of Ethic, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(2), С. E153 - 161

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Bats are diverse mammals that globally distributed and ecologically critical, yet some bat species associated with disease agents have severe consequences for human health.Disease outbreak responses require interdisciplinary knowledge of bat-associated pathogens microbial transmission patterns.Health promotion requires close, collaborative attention to the needs, vulnerabilities, interests stakeholders, including public professionals in health, conservation, ecology, social science, communication, policy.This article describes a successful One Health engagement among such stakeholders partners looking motivate both bathuman ecology preservation viral management Uganda. Convergence DiseaseZoonotic infectious emergence is complex process necessitates understanding vertebrate reservoir ecology; circulation, shedding, maintenance agent its natural host; reservoir-human or environmental contacts may lead exposure; intrahost immunological barriers protect against infection. 1This convergence human, animal, health context dynamics underpins Health, which Centers Disease Control Prevention defines as "a collaborative, multisectoral, transdisciplinary approach-working at local, regional, national, global levels-with goal achieving optimal outcomes [by] recognizing interconnection between people, animals, plants, their shared environment." 2 The framework has become cornerstone investigations, 3,4,5,6 building on growing appreciation how changing landscapes, encroachment onto pristine habitats, interconnected travel facilitate spread agents.One provides an nature initial spillover events mitigating subsequent pathogen transmission.Significant contributions from animal disease,

Язык: Английский

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The Wildlife Emerging Pathogens Initiative: Wild EPI and One Health

iScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(7), С. 110317 - 110317

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

One Health is an integrated approach that aims to balance and optimize the interconnectedness of health humans, animals, ecosystems. Using this transdisciplinary approach, experts from across Canada led formation Wildlife Emerging Pathogens Initiative (Wild EPI) undertake research surveillance programs evaluating potential risks emerging pathogens at human-animal interface. Wild EPI dedicated implementing enhance our understanding epidemiology burden zoonotic infections among humans other animal hosts. integrated, unifying sustainably plants, ecosystems.Wildlife integral all health, including human health.The a on viral zoonoses through multidisciplinary collaboration intersectoral partnerships transform data into knowledge.Trainees form backbone EPI; participating in highly collaborative projects provides unique learning experiential opportunities.Wild striving fill training gaps, creating opportunities for range learners different disciplines. In 2020, rapid global spread severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) sparked first recorded coronavirus pandemic, bearing broad socioeconomic impacts. Ongoing activity was fueled by initial lack vaccines countermeasures, remarkable ability SARS-CoV-2 expeditiously adapt its host, leading substantial net virus population. subsequently spilled over new host species, domestic captive animals free-ranging wildlife. A timely expansion efforts suddenly became necessary, drawing partners develop frameworks using approach. It recognizes wild wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked interdependent.1FAO, UNEP, WHO, WOAHOne Joint Plan Action (2022-2026).Working together plants environment. Rome. 2022; : 1-87https://doi.org/10.4060/cc2289enCrossref Google Scholar By definition, implementation must take perspective cuts multiple sectors, Therefore, requires these sectors people with domain expertise.2Kuchipudi S.V. Tan C. van Dorp L. Lichtveld M. Pickering B. Bowman J. Mubareka S. Balloux F. Coordinated essential monitor mitigate evolutionary impacts spillover circulation hosts.Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2023; 7: 956-959https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02082-0Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) case inter-species spillover, required scaffolding joint time when many jurisdictions were functioning reduced capacities resources. mid-2020, multi-sectoral initiative had evolved Ontario, Canada, Ontario Ministry Natural Resources Forestry collaborators. Focused primarily peridomestic wildlife, nucleated collective academic public sector scientists enact ad hoc program. The discovery white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Québec catalyzed working relationships between genomic epidemiologists, virologists, wildlife ecologists as picture human-to-deer-to-human transmission deer-adapted emerged. This initiative, known gain (https://wildepi.ca/our-projects/) has undertaken program work evaluate pathogens, focus pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Our group researchers who direct field sampling work, bioinformaticians virologists characterize viruses, specialists enabling knowledge mobilization. discovered cases Canadian wildlife,3Kotwa J.D. Lobb Massé A. Gagnier Aftanas P. Banerjee Banete Blais-Savoie Buchanan T. et al.Genomic transcriptomic characterization delta infection virginianus).iScience. 26108319https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.108319Abstract Full Text PDF (3) well divergent lineage (B.1.641) responsible reported deer-to-human transmission.4Pickering Lung O. Maguire Kruczkiewicz Kotwa Guthrie J.L. Jardine C.M. Marchand-Austin al.Divergent variant emerges transmission.Nat. Microbiol. 2011-2024https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01268-9Crossref (88) Notably, sequence flagged bioinformatician deer, making critical connection sectors. follow-on risk assessment more hypothesis-driven addition collaborators computational biology immunology explore otherwise uncharacterized responses infection. diseases include number diverse pathogens. cases, plurality interconnected factors contributes limited drivers lead disease emergence. Social determinants chronic underfunding research, awareness education, deprioritization relative contribute gaps pathogen prevalence distribution, sylvatic cycles, ecology, mitigation strategies. Pathogen-related challenges foregrounded same have epidemics pandemics 20th 21st centuries. Factors such globalization travel trade, urbanization, activities impacting land use, effects climate change, collectively exposure naive various changing ecology and/or susceptibility. can rapidly international boundaries, sustain populations, potentially destabilizing mortality events. Diseases note which continue be found species or regions white-nose (caused fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans), decimating bats eastern Canada,5Cheng T.L. Reichard Coleman J.T.H. Weller T.J. Thogmartin W.E. Reichert B.E. Bennett A.B. Broders H.G. Campbell Etchison K. al.The scope severity hibernating North America.Conserv. Bio. 2021; 35: 1586-1597https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13739Crossref (117) wasting cervids continues increase western Canada,6Chronic Wasting Disease UpdateGovernment Alberta.2024Google West Nile causes corvids annually.7West VirusCanadian Cooperative. 2022https://www.cwhc-rcsf.ca/west_nile_virus.phpGoogle Some not cycle may transmissible livestock. For example, bovine tuberculosis cattle companion animals8Borham Oreiby El-Gedawy Hegazy Y. Khalifa H.O. Al-Gaabary Matsumoto Review Bovine Tuberculosis: An Associated Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species.Pathogens. 11: 715https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070715Crossref (28) cestode Echinococcus multilocularis cause alveolar echinococcosis dogs death.9Eckert Deplazes Biological, epidemiological, clinical aspects echinococcosis, zoonosis increasing concern.Clin. Rev. 2004; 17: 107-135https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.1.107-135Crossref (0) anthropogenic use especially there human-sylvatic Human incursions landscapes interface, thus spillover. While clear examples individual effects, die-off events, population declines, extirpations even extinctions associated consequences beyond often overlooked yet importance. play cornerstone role maintaining ecosystem services, protecting promoting health. These services should addressed comprehensive well-integrated network organizations. Such been proposed Pan-Canadian Approach Health, calls creation ongoing predict, detect, monitor, effectively manage numerous threats Canada.10Federal ProvincialTerritorial Governments CanadaA Health. Cooperative, 2018: 1-18https://www.cwhc-rcsf.ca/docs/technical_reports/EN_PanCanadian%20Approach%20to%20Wildlife%20Health%20Final.pdfGoogle As we strive change systems level, also aim enable local institutional levels, starting learner engagement. Trainees EPI, provided some opportunities. Simon Jeeves PhD candidate Dr. Claire Jardine's University Guelph states "The collaborate both inter-organizational intersecting fields me connections. connections will allow design larger, complete scopes." He adds: multidisciplinarity team granted nuanced infectious surveillance. Having panel their own teams coordinated manner made feasible goals would require years perhaps decades complete. way, groups like ours able fully properly address logistical obstacles capacity involved ways monopartite simply cannot. become very future lies organizations EPI. I hope incorporate idea my post-doctoral work." Zoonotic prions, bacteria, fungi, parasites, transmitted species. Nearly three-quarters believed origin,11Judson S.D. Rabinowitz P.M. Zoonoses epidemics.Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 34: 385-392https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000749Crossref (25) Scholar,12Jones K.E. Patel N.G. Levy M.A. Storeygard Balk D. Gittleman Daszak Global trends diseases.Nature. 2008; 451: 990-993https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06536Crossref (5408) underscoring With true origin undoubtedly higher than reported, merit attention given breadth impact co-benefits mitigation. phenomenon – happens directly indirectly, along Certain viruses harbored insidious jump ease, accumulating adaptive mutations. occasionally non-specific likely written off "a cold" "the flu". When right contracted however, repercussions unpredictable. latest most obvious example SARS-CoV-2. Advances diagnostic technology molecular enabled scale. Although reservoir intermediate regional outbreak, amplification pandemic attributable human-to-human transmission. Unsurprisingly, early detected close contact zoo farmed mink, animals. However, frequency reverse events sometimes called spillback raised concern another question: what if could establish reservoir? Answering question possible without strong interdisciplinary collaborations national levels ground truth hosts humans. American sampled during 2021 Ohio, USA. then later year, marking instance wildlife.3Kotwa leveraged existing diagnostics, genomics virology urgently developed course response Fin Maguire, Jennifer Guthrie, Samira stand up co-led biologists Jardine, Tore Buchanan, Brad Pickering, Jeff Bowman, whose expertise studies, virology, allowed screening thousands convenience samples dozens Shortly after launched, hunter-harvested yielded COVID-19 Canada.4Pickering Without effort group, uniquely description reported. Since then, realized inter-host host-pathogen interactions, particularly where concerned. Thus, expanded immunologist Arinjay biologist Andrew Doxey generate RNA-seq dataset naturally infected determine immunophenotype(s) important species.3Kotwa Continued populations purifying selection certain mutations, presumably passage efficient.13Kuchipudi Surendran-Nair Ruden R.M. Yon Nissly R.H. Vandegrift K.J. Nelli R.K. Li Jayarao B.M. Maranas C.D. al.Multiple spillovers onward deer.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 119e2121644119https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2121644119Crossref (130) Evolution strains general, harmless but hold untold those once again Significant changes genome efficacy testing seen variants Omicron they circulate significantly undermining efforts. relies collaboration, necessitating regional, national, connectivity surveillance, reporting structures remains fragmented due siloed mandates communication. integration human, animal, environmental creates major gap establishing multifaceted sustainable programs. groups, coordination make it challenging gather, access translate real time, since development support jurisdictions, agencies, institutions. Data concerning occurrence lacking, don't appear pose immediate threat. comes persuading policymakers about advantages investing supporting key activities. dollars invested commitment Implementing resource intensive, complex, costly, requiring significant funding partner support. strategic investments strived do whereby resources implemented co-leveraged detection control atrophy, absence adequate presents domains. includes building capacity, integrating information, standardizing quality. instance, rehabilitators, stakeholders wide face providing consistent, long-term crucial work. recent HPAI staff limitations. Despite rehabilitators' willingness contribute, rely donations cannot afford costly tests, detection. Similarly, streams hypothesis-driven, fundamental human-animal-virus interface natural sciences, few intersect, despite interest drive scientific community. Furthermore, additional challenge education competent scientists, scholars, practitioners facilitate Specifically, deficiency emphasize approaches, hands-on experiences. Academic minimal, resulting shortage well-trained personnel capable conducting research. There need individuals truths. Unfortunately, qualified in-depth procedures, factor success Indigenous-led teaching under-supported immense value Indigenous experience. Yaejin Lee describes her experience lens: "Being part broadened perspective, exposing areas. lab, handling cells constantly reinforces shared passion meaningful serves continual reminder impactful minds unite. lessons I've gained project importance embracing toward common goal. only connects trainees involves coordinating helps evolve mature trainee, laying groundwork career, excel initiatives." Effective plays pivotal approach.1FAO, From initiation, maintain open communication channels comprehend identify available resources, recognize collaborations, robust sharing. Coordination involve responsibilities varying fostering while practicing sharing updates data.14Mubareka Amuasi Carabin H. Copper Jack Jaroszewicz Keefe G. Kutz al.Strengthening zoonoses.FACETS. 8: 1-64https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0190Crossref (8) Additionally, limitations information establishment centralized, mechanisms To turn valuable actionable knowledge, connected conduct assessments diseases. Through established close, collegial community practice science stakeholder Not exchange skills connective tissue means pursue inquiry. active engagement connecting disciplines purpose addressing perspective. society combat inequalities, disseminate vital high-risk build trust stakeholders. following holders, engaging communities decision-making, ensuring resilient equitable ecosystem. help coordinated, cross-sectoral focused diseases, career acquire technical applied challenges. initiatives it, implement partnership knit cohesive knowledge. insufficient collect report evidence-based decision-making. strives mobilization term inform preparedness zoonoses, foster longer-term, ecological biological biology, pathogenesis pre-emergent, emergent endemic further conditions supported Public Agency Safety Security Program (Defense Research Development Canada), Institutes Project Grant #486953 Team #495129, Forestry, Pandemic Infections Consortium.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: What Can We Expect Now?

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(7), С. 1093 - 1093

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

At the beginning of summer 2022, my colleagues and I wanted to share some thoughts about a vaccination success story [...].

Язык: Английский

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