Molecular Cell,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
68(1), С. 233 - 246.e5
Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2017
Several
ubiquitin
chain
types
have
remained
unstudied,
mainly
because
tools
and
techniques
to
detect
these
posttranslational
modifications
are
scarce.
Linkage-specific
antibodies
shaped
our
understanding
of
the
roles
dynamics
polyubiquitin
signals
but
available
for
only
five
out
eight
linkage
types.
We
here
characterize
K6-
K33-linkage-specific
"affimer"
reagents
as
high-affinity
interactors.
Crystal
structures
affimers
bound
their
cognate
reveal
mechanisms
specificity
a
K11
cross-reactivity
in
K33
affimer.
Structure-guided
improvements
yield
superior
affinity
suitable
western
blotting,
confocal
fluorescence
microscopy
pull-down
applications.
This
allowed
us
identify
RNF144A
RNF144B
E3
ligases
that
assemble
K6-,
K11-,
K48-linked
vitro.
A
protocol
enrich
K6-ubiquitinated
proteins
from
cells
identifies
HUWE1
main
ligase
this
type,
we
show
mitofusin-2
is
modified
with
K6-linked
HUWE1-dependent
manner.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
5(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2020
Ubiquitination,
an
important
type
of
protein
posttranslational
modification
(PTM),
plays
a
crucial
role
in
controlling
substrate
degradation
and
subsequently
mediates
the
"quantity"
"quality"
various
proteins,
serving
to
ensure
cell
homeostasis
guarantee
life
activities.
The
regulation
ubiquitination
is
multifaceted
works
not
only
at
transcriptional
levels
(phosphorylation,
acetylation,
methylation,
etc.)
but
also
level
(activators
or
repressors).
When
regulatory
mechanisms
are
aberrant,
altered
biological
processes
may
induce
serious
human
diseases,
especially
types
cancer.
In
tumorigenesis,
involve
tumor
metabolism,
immunological
microenvironment
(TME),
cancer
stem
(CSC)
stemness
so
on.
With
regard
some
key
proteins
such
as
RagA,
mTOR,
PTEN,
AKT,
c-Myc
P53
significantly
regulates
activity
mTORC1,
AMPK
PTEN-AKT
signaling
pathways.
addition,
TLR,
RLR
STING-dependent
pathways
modulates
TME.
Moreover,
core
regulator
triplets
(Nanog,
Oct4
Sox2)
members
Wnt
Hippo-YAP
participates
maintenance
CSC
stemness.
Based
on
components,
including
proteasome,
E3
ligases,
E1,
E2
deubiquitinases
(DUBs),
many
molecular
targeted
drugs
have
been
developed
combat
Among
them,
small
molecule
inhibitors
targeting
bortezomib,
carfilzomib,
oprozomib
ixazomib,
achieved
tangible
success.
MLN7243
MLN4924
(targeting
E1
enzyme),
Leucettamol
A
CC0651
nutlin
MI-219
compounds
G5
F6
DUB
activity)
shown
potential
preclinical
treatment.
this
review,
we
summarize
latest
progress
understanding
substrates
for
their
special
functions
metabolism
regulation,
TME
modulation
maintenance.
therapeutic
targets
reviewed,
effects
drugs.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
116(2), С. 358 - 366
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2019
This
perspective
is
partly
review
and
proposal.
N-degrons
C-degrons
are
degradation
signals
whose
main
determinants
are,
respectively,
the
N-terminal
C-terminal
residues
of
cellular
proteins.
include,
to
varying
extents,
adjoining
sequence
motifs,
also
internal
lysine
that
function
as
polyubiquitylation
sites.
Discovered
in
1986,
were
first
short-lived
A
particularly
large
set
was
discovered
2018.
We
describe
multifunctional
proteolytic
systems
target
C-degrons.
propose
denote
these
“N-degron
pathways”
“C-degron
pathways.”
The
former
notation
replaces
earlier
name
“N-end
rule
term
rule”
introduced
33
years
ago,
when
only
some
thought
be
destabilizing.
However,
studies
over
last
three
decades
have
shown
all
20
amino
acids
genetic
code
can
act,
cognate
contexts,
destabilizing
residues.
Advantages
proposed
terms
include
their
brevity
semantic
uniformity
for
In
addition
being
topologically
analogous,
related
functionally.
cleavage
a
subunit
multisubunit
complex
create,
at
same
time,
an
N-degron
(in
fragment)
spatially
adjacent
C-degron
fragment).
Consequently,
both
fragments
selectively
destroyed
through
attacks
by
pathways.
Annual Review of Biochemistry,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
86(1), С. 123 - 128
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2017
This
brief
disquisition
about
the
early
history
of
studies
on
regulated
protein
degradation
introduces
several
detailed
reviews
ubiquitin
system
and
autophagy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Март 29, 2019
The
Interferon
regulatory
factors
(IRFs)
are
a
family
of
transcription
that
play
pivotal
roles
in
many
aspects
the
immune
response,
including
cell
development
and
differentiation
regulating
responses
to
pathogens.
Three
members,
IRF3,
IRF5
IRF7,
critical
production
type
I
interferons
downstream
pathogen
recognition
receptors
detect
viral
RNA
DNA.
A
fourth
member,
IRF9,
regulates
interferon-driven
gene
expression.
In
addition,
IRF4,
IRF8
regulate
myeloid
phenotype,
thus
playing
important
inflammatory
responses.
Thus
understanding
how
their
levels
activity
is
regulated
importance
given
perturbations
either
can
result
dysregulated
potential
autoimmune
disease.
This
review
will
focus
role
IRF
members
IFN
or
differentiation,
with
particular
emphasis
on
regulation
by
ubiquitination
microRNAs
may
impact
Protein Science,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
29(1), С. 52 - 65
Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2019
Abstract
Analyses
of
publicly
available
structural
data
reveal
interesting
insights
into
the
impact
three‐dimensional
(3D)
structures
protein
targets
important
for
discovery
new
drugs
(e.g.,
G‐protein‐coupled
receptors,
voltage‐gated
ion
channels,
ligand‐gated
transporters,
and
E3
ubiquitin
ligases).
The
Protein
Data
Bank
(PDB)
archive
currently
holds
>
155,000
atomic‐level
3D
biomolecules
experimentally
determined
using
crystallography,
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy,
electron
microscopy.
PDB
was
established
in
1971
as
first
open‐access,
digital‐data
resource
biology,
is
now
managed
by
Worldwide
partnership
(wwPDB;
wwPDB.org
).
US
operations
are
responsibility
Research
Collaboratory
Structural
Bioinformatics
(RCSB
PDB).
RCSB
serves
millions
RCSB.org
users
worldwide
delivering
integrated
with
∼40
external
biodata
resources,
providing
rich
views
fundamental
biomedicine,
energy
sciences.
Recently
published
work
showed
that
archival
holdings
facilitated
∼90%
210
approved
Food
Drug
Administration
2010–2016.
We
review
user‐driven
development
services,
examine
growth
terms
size
complexity,
present
examples
opportunities
structure‐guided
drug
challenging
integral
membrane
proteins).