Are beavers a solution to the freshwater biodiversity crisis?

Diversity and Distributions, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(11), С. 1763 - 1772

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2019

Abstract Aim To determine whether reintroduced beavers, as an example of native herbivorous megafauna, can increase freshwater biodiversity at the landscape scale and to compare effects on two contrasting taxonomic groups. Location South‐central Sweden. Methods We collected data plant water beetle composition supporting environmental variables from 20 closely located wetlands, half created damming streams by beavers—beaver ponds (BP), other, mainly natural (e.g. topographic, river migration) means—other wetlands (OW). Differences in species growth strategy (i.e. competitor, stress tolerator or ruderal) between wetland types were assessed using multivariate analyses. Results The pool both groups was higher BP than OW (plants + 17%; beetles 15%). For groups, number unique 50% those OW. Plant compositions differed significantly most strongly for plants, while rarity scores showed no difference, incidence invasive negligible. mostly influenced open water, bare ground woody debris BP, cover, height leaf litter This consistent with characterization vegetation ruderal plants competitors tolerators. A significant residual effect type plant, but not composition, suggests that beavers exert important direct some biota via herbivory) independent indirect they change. Main conclusions Beaver‐created support novel is merely a subset found elsewhere same landscape. As such, re‐establishing beaver populations where are should benefit biodiversity, may be context taxon specific. Beavers alone cannot solve crisis, recognizing widespread importance megafauna maintaining heterogeneity creating habitat will positive step.

Язык: Английский

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Integrative phylogenomics reveals a Permian origin of Adephaga beetles

Systematic Entomology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 46(4), С. 968 - 990

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2021

Abstract Beetles are arguably the most diverse group of animals on Earth with over 400 000 described species. Yet timing main diversification events among these insects remains debated. The use phylogenomic data generated using next‐generation sequencing recently resolved recalcitrant phylogenetic relationships across Coleoptera. However, limited taxon sampling for some major clades still prevents important fossil calibrations that could provide more accurate estimates lineage beetles. Here, we present a new fossil‐based dated framework focus suborder Adephaga. We rely an integrative approach combination genomic, ultraconserved element and RNAseq transcriptomic datasets, further revealing prevalent exonic nature elements in infer robust tree under various optimality criteria analytical conditions. Our preferred reconstruction is consistent those previous studies recovering paraphyly ‘Hydradephaga’, Gyrinidae as sister to all other Adephaga, monophyly Geadephaga Haliplidae monophyletic Dytiscoidea. recover strong support Aspidytidae placement Hygrobiidae part clade comprising Aspidytes , Ribera, Beutel, Balke & Vogler, Sinaspidytes Balke, Beutel Ribera Amphizoidae. Using 23 carefully chosen Coleoptera, origin modern beetles ca. 317 Ma mid‐Carboniferous, divergence between Archostemata Adephaga 296 early Permian, crown end‐Permian 255 Ma. Importantly, our analyses precise times internal splits within including ground beetles, tiger aquatic adephagan lineages. These results represent step forward understanding beetle will serve fundamental unravel evolutionary history many

Язык: Английский

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A time-calibrated ‘Tree of Life’ of aquatic insects for knitting historical patterns of evolution and measuring extant phylogenetic biodiversity across the world

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 252, С. 104767 - 104767

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

The extent to which the sequence and timing of important events on Earth have influenced biological evolution through geological time is a matter ongoing debate. In this context, phylogenetic history aquatic insects remains largely elusive, our understanding their chronology fragmentary incomplete at best. Here, after gathering comprehensive data matrix 3125 targeted rRNA protein-coding gene sequences from nine independent portions, we built well-supported time-calibrated tree comprising almost 1200 genera that represent large proportion extant families dragonflies damselflies (Odonata), mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera). We reviewed main evolutionary historical scenarios for each insect lineage as revealed by best-scoring molecular topology, major ancient radiations, calibrated divergence estimates, in related spatial arrangement land masses, continental drift, mass extinctions. Molecular dating using birth-death model speciation, with lognormal-relaxed informed transcriptomic constraints, suggested (i) first radiated approximately 220 million years (Ma) ago most lineages thrived independently Triassic–Jurassic (Tr–J) extinction event; (ii) underwent bursts diversification during Cretaceous; (iii) ancestral separating stonefly suborders Arctoperlaria Antarctoperlaria was consistent geographical isolation vicariant fragmentation tectonic splitting supercontinent Pangaea around 170 Ma ago; (iv) recent common ancestors extended back Pangaea, supporting earliest offshoot 'retreat-making' Annulipalpia sister relationship between predatory free-living Rhyacophilidae Hydrobiosidae. Our 'Tree Life' also resolved shallow relationships key innovations, such convergent exophytic oviposition or Jurassic origins burrowing lifestyle mayflies. study, illustrate how phylogeny can help integrate aspects biogeographical ecological research across world. To do so, used three empirical datasets stream subarctic Finland, northeastern Spain, southeastern Tibet exemplary cases. These examples application tested ecogeographical mechanisms responses size structural resemblances patterns relatedness uniqueness along elevational flow-intermittence gradients, respectively. emphasise specific details capturing different variation are dependent geological, geographical, environmental contexts drainage basins. finally highlight potential venues future research, including evaluations diversity space time, characters relation palaeoclimatic variation, development complementary algorithms conservation prioritisation evolutionarily valuable bioregions insects. Overall, hope work will stimulate multidisciplinary efforts among areas biogeosciences towards safeguarding heritage

Язык: Английский

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50%, not great, not terrible: Pan-European gap-analysis shows the real status of the DNA barcode reference libraries in two aquatic invertebrate groups and points the way ahead

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 863, С. 160922 - 160922

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2022

The essential key to routine molecular species identification (DNA barcoding/metabarcoding) is the existence of an error-free DNA barcode reference library providing full coverage all species. Published studies generally state need produce more barcodes, and control their quality, but unfortunately, number barcoded still low. However, initiate real progress, we know where gaps lie, how big they are why persist. Our aims were draw understand current knowledge regarding diversity, distribution, coverage, offer solutions for improvement. In this study, used two groups aquatic insects, beetles true bugs. We have compiled critically evaluated essentially complete up-to-date European list, containing 1527 list served as a basis gap analyses in Barcode-of-Life-Data-System (BOLD) conducted three subsequent years (2020-2022). overall pan-European fauna was around 50 % both groups. lowest Mediterranean, Balkans South-eastern Europe. each country depended significantly on local rare, endemic similarity its that most active barcoding countries. Gap showed very small increase (<1 beetles) despite ~25 barcodes. Hence, it clear future campaigns must prioritise quality over quantity. To visibly improve libraries, involvement taxonomic experts focus targeted underexplored biodiversity-rich areas.

Язык: Английский

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Dispersal in Dytiscidae

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 505 - 528

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The Biology and Ecology of Streams and Rivers

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 30, 2023

Abstract A major textbook on running waters, promoting understanding of the nature rivers as ecosystems, and detailing biodiversity natural history their biota. The book takes a primarily biological approach to river ecology, dealing with scientific questions about but referring throughout possible applications approaches management. notion habitat templet refers suite environmental factors that face lotic organisms adaptations traits enable survival in such challenging environments. How does complex, patchy whole-river networks impinge population dynamics communities? Species interactions food web linkages determine flow energy material through communities lead ecosystem processes metabolism (the balance primary production community respiration) ecology nutrients. stresses systems ‘open’ exchanging materials land downstream systems. can be sustainable part capital which we all depend? In final chapter forward-looking view is progressively devoted applied questions. Biology Ecology Streams Rivers seeks provide knowledge necessary for their, our, future. We need appreciate ‘what do us’ reverse deterioration waters an increasingly thirsty, hungry changing world.

Язык: Английский

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Cuticle Hydrocarbons Show Plastic Variation under Desiccation in Saline Aquatic Beetles

Insects, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(4), С. 285 - 285

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

In the context of aridification in Mediterranean regions, desiccation resistance and physiological plasticity will be key traits for persistence aquatic insects exposed to increasing stress. Control cuticular transpiration through changes quantity composition epicuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) is one main mechanisms insects, but it remains largely unexplored ones. We studied acclimation responses adults two endemic water beetles from distant lineages living intermittent saline streams: Enochrus jesusarribasi (Hydrophilidae) Nebrioporus baeticus (Dytiscidae). Cuticular loss CHC were measured specimens a prior non-lethal stress, allowed recover subsequent treatment. E. showed beneficial response desiccation: pre-desiccated individuals reduced rate exposure by relative abundance methyl-branched compounds, longer chain alkanes branched alkanes. contrast, N. lacked capacity controlling therefore may have lower cope with aridity. These results are relevant understanding biochemical adaptations drought stress inland waters an evolutionary ecological context.

Язык: Английский

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Towards the identification of hotspots of freshwater biodiversity in North-Western Africa: A case study using species distribution models for water beetles in Morocco

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43, С. e02441 - e02441

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Freshwater biodiversity loss is of concern in the Mediterranean Basin, as one global hotspots biodiversity. Despite a number faunistic and taxonomic studies that have been conducted last years African part our knowledge on freshwater patterns this area still very limited. In study, we aim to i) identify areas with highest potential species richness water beetles, estimated from distribution models using two different approaches (MaxEnt Random Forest) ii) conduct gap analysis assess effectiveness protected conservation these areas. Results showed beetles Morocco occurs mountain Rif Prerif, Middle Atlas northern Central Plateau Morocco. Among identified priority (those top 5% values), 21.6% are totally unprotected ca. 65% poorly (i.e., extent < 25%). These results call for urgent direct policies protect North

Язык: Английский

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Molecular phylogeny of Elmidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) with a focus on Japanese species: implications for intrafamilial classification

Systematic Entomology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 46(4), С. 870 - 886

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2021

Abstract Elmidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) comprises diverse groups of specialized aquatic beetles, but the phylogenetic positions intrafamilial taxonomic remain unclear. We performed analyses 26 genera and 73 elmid species subspecies representing four five currently recognized tribes from Holarctic region (Japan, Europe North America) using sequence data up to 585 ultraconserved elements (UCEs). The UCE‐based trees inferred by both maximum‐likelihood Bayesian inference methods resolved most relationships with high support. Our results indicate that a revised classification for in is necessary. also examined correspondence character states ten adult larval morphological traits phylogeny identified several are potentially useful defining Elmidae. Based on molecular morphology adults larvae, Gonielmis Sanderson syn. n. Optioservus synonymized Heterlimnius Hinton. Nomuraelmis Satô was Stenelmis Dufour. A checklist an identification key provided .

Язык: Английский

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Habitats Supporting Dytiscid Life

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 427 - 503

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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