Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
113(18), С. 4900 - 4908
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2016
How,
why,
and
when
consciousness
evolved
remain
hotly
debated
topics.
Addressing
these
issues
requires
considering
the
distribution
of
across
animal
phylogenetic
tree.
Here
we
propose
that
at
least
one
invertebrate
clade,
insects,
has
a
capacity
for
most
basic
aspect
consciousness:
subjective
experience.
In
vertebrates
experience
is
supported
by
integrated
structures
in
midbrain
create
neural
simulation
state
mobile
space.
This
egocentric
representation
world
from
animal’s
perspective
sufficient
Structures
insect
brain
perform
analogous
functions.
Therefore,
argue
also
supports
both
insects
this
form
behavioral
control
system
as
an
efficient
solution
to
problems
sensory
reafference
true
navigation.
The
support
are
very
different
each
other,
but
cases
they
basal
clade.
Hence
origins
can
be
traced
Cambrian.
Visual
projection
neurons
(VPNs)
provide
an
anatomical
connection
between
early
visual
processing
and
higher
brain
regions.
Here
we
characterize
lobula
columnar
(LC)
cells,
a
class
of
Drosophila
VPNs
that
project
to
distinct
central
structures
called
optic
glomeruli.
We
anatomically
describe
22
different
LC
types
show
that,
for
several
types,
optogenetic
activation
in
freely
moving
flies
evokes
specific
behaviors.
The
phenotypes
two
closely
resemble
natural
avoidance
behaviors
triggered
by
loom.
In
vivo
two-photon
calcium
imaging
reveals
these
respond
looming
stimuli,
while
another
type
does
not,
but
instead
responds
the
motion
small
object.
Activation
on
only
one
side
can
result
attractive
or
aversive
turning
depending
cell
type.
Our
results
indicate
convey
information
presence
location
features
relevant
Flexible
behaviors
over
long
timescales
are
thought
to
engage
recurrent
neural
networks
in
deep
brain
regions,
which
experimentally
challenging
study.
In
insects,
circuit
dynamics
a
region
called
the
central
complex
(CX)
enable
directed
locomotion,
sleep,
and
context-
experience-dependent
spatial
navigation.
We
describe
first
complete
electron
microscopy-based
connectome
of
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
33(1), С. 219 - 240
Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2017
A
small
pool
of
neural
progenitors
generates
the
vast
diversity
cell
types
in
CNS.
Spatial
patterning
specifies
progenitor
identity,
followed
by
temporal
within
lineages
to
expand
diversity.
Recent
work
has
shown
that
Drosophila,
all
(neuroblasts)
sequentially
express
transcription
factors
(TTFs)
generate
molecular
and
cellular
Embryonic
neuroblasts
use
a
lineage-intrinsic
cascade
five
TTFs
switch
nearly
every
neuroblast
division;
larval
optic
lobe
also
rapid
TTFs,
but
are
completely
different.
In
contrast,
central
brain
undergo
major
transition
midway
through
life,
this
is
regulated
lineage-extrinsic
cue
(ecdysone
hormone
signaling).
Overall,
lineage
uses
TTF
diversity,
illustrating
widespread
importance
patterning.
To
what
degree
are
non-human
animals
conscious?
We
propose
that
the
most
meaningful
way
to
approach
this
question
is
from
perspective
of
functional
neurobiology.
Here
we
focus
on
subjective
experience,
which
a
basic
awareness
world
without
further
reflection
awareness.
This
considered
form
consciousness.
Tellingly,
capacity
supported
by
integrated
midbrain
and
basal
ganglia
structures,
among
oldest
highly
conserved
brain
systems
in
vertebrates.
A
reasonable
inference
for
experience
both
widespread
evolutionarily
old
within
vertebrate
lineage.
argue
insect
supports
functions
analogous
those
hence
insects
may
also
have
experience.
discuss
features
neural
can
cannot
be
expected
support
as
well
relationship
between
our
arguments
based
neurobiological
mechanism
"hard
problem"
conscious
Journal of Experimental Biology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
222(Suppl_1)
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2019
ABSTRACT
Oriented
behaviour
is
present
in
almost
all
animals,
indicating
that
it
an
ancient
feature
has
emerged
from
animal
brains
hundreds
of
millions
years
ago.
Although
many
complex
navigation
strategies
have
been
described,
each
strategy
can
be
broken
down
into
a
series
elementary
navigational
decisions.
In
moment
time,
to
compare
its
current
heading
with
desired
direction
and
compensate
for
any
mismatch
by
producing
steering
response
either
the
right
or
left.
Different
reflex-driven
movements,
target-directed
not
only
initiated
sensory
input,
but
also
takes
account
previous
experience
motivational
state.
Once
decisions
are
chained
together
form
one
coherent
strategies,
pursue
target,
e.g.
food
source,
nest
entrance
constant
flight
during
migrations.
Insects
show
great
variety
behaviours
and,
owing
their
small
brains,
pursuit
neural
circuits
controlling
made
substantial
progress
over
last
years.
A
brain
region
as
insects
themselves,
called
central
complex,
likely
centre
brain.
Research
across
species
shown
contains
circuitry
might
comprise
substrate
this
involved
wide
range
other
functions,
we
hypothesize
Review
role
mediating
animal's
next
move
ancestral
function,
around
which
functions
layered
course
evolution.
