bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 5, 2024
Abstract
Antimicrobial
drug
resistance
poses
a
global
health
threat,
requiring
deeper
understanding
of
the
evolutionary
processes
that
lead
to
its
emergence
in
pathogens.
Complex
dynamics
involve
multiple
mutations
can
result
cooperative
or
competitive
(clonal
interference)
effects.
Candida
albicans
,
major
fungal
pathogen,
displays
high
rates
copy
number
variation
(CNV)
and
loss
heterozygosity
(LOH).
CNV
LOH
events
large
numbers
genes
could
synergize
during
adaptation.
Understanding
contributions
antifungal
adaptation
is
challenging,
especially
context
whole-population
genome
sequencing.
Here,
we
document
sequential
evolution
fluconazole
tolerance
then
C.
isolate
involving
an
initial
on
chromosome
4,
followed
by
R
involves
KSR1
.
Similar
KSR1,
which
encodes
reductase
involved
sphingolipid
biosynthesis,
were
also
detected
independently
evolved
resistant
isolates.
We
dissect
specific
codons
affect
tolerance.
The
combination
4
results
>500-fold
increase
azole
resistance,
illustrating
compelling
example
rapid,
yet
step-wise,
interplay
between
evolution.
npj Antimicrobials and Resistance,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
3(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025
Faced
with
the
burden
of
increasing
resistance
to
antifungals
in
many
fungal
pathogens
and
constant
emergence
new
drug-resistant
strains,
it
is
essential
assess
importance
various
mechanisms.
Fungi
have
relatively
plastic
genomes
can
tolerate
genomic
copy
number
variation
(CNV)
caused
by
aneuploidy
gene
amplification
or
deletion.
In
cases,
these
changes
lead
adaptation
stressful
conditions,
including
those
antifungal
drugs.
Here,
we
specifically
examine
contribution
CNVs
resistance.
We
undertook
a
thorough
literature
search,
collecting
reports
CNV,
classifying
examples
CNV-conferred
into
four
main
find
that
human
pathogens,
there
little
evidence
plays
major
role
compared
other
types
mutations.
discuss
why
might
be
underestimating
their
approaches
being
used
study
them.
Journal of Fungi,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(3), С. 213 - 213
Опубликована: Март 11, 2025
G-protein-coupled
receptors
(GPCRs)
play
a
crucial
role
in
the
gene
regulation
of
processes
related
to
response
different
types
stress
fungi.
These
act
as
sensors
extracellular
signals
and
transmit
information
interior
cell
through
G-proteins.
In
presence
specific
stresses,
GPCRs
activate
signaling
cascades
that
culminate
activation
transcription
factors,
which
regulate
expression
genes
associated
with
response,
including
those
induced
by
changes
environmental
pH.
GPCR-mediated
allows
fungi
adapt
adverse
conditions
such
osmotic,
thermal,
oxidative,
or
nutritional
stress,
well
fluctuations
This
review
focuses
on
understanding
how
modulate
their
advancing
our
knowledge
physiology
adaptability
these
microorganisms
changing
environment.
PLoS Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(8), С. e1012497 - e1012497
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2024
Antimicrobial
drug
resistance
poses
a
global
health
threat,
requiring
deeper
understanding
of
the
evolutionary
processes
that
lead
to
its
emergence
in
pathogens.
Complex
dynamics
involve
multiple
mutations
can
result
cooperative
or
competitive
(clonal
interference)
effects.
Candida
albicans,
major
fungal
pathogen,
displays
high
rates
copy
number
variation
(CNV)
and
loss
heterozygosity
(LOH).
CNV
LOH
events
large
numbers
genes
could
synergize
during
adaptation.
Understanding
contributions
antifungal
adaptation
is
challenging,
especially
context
whole-population
genome
sequencing.
Here,
we
document
sequential
evolution
fluconazole
tolerance
then
C.
albicans
isolate
involving
an
initial
on
chromosome
4,
followed
by
R
involves
KSR1.
Similar
KSR1,
which
encodes
reductase
sphingolipid
biosynthesis
pathway,
were
also
detected
independently
evolved
resistant
isolates.
We
dissect
specific
KSR1
codons
affect
tolerance.
The
combination
4
results
>500-fold
decrease
azole
susceptibility
relative
progenitor,
illustrating
compelling
example
rapid,
yet
step-wise,
interplay
between
evolution.
Journal of Virology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
97(12)
Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023
Upon
the
emergence
of
SARS-CoV-2
in
human
population,
it
was
conjectured
that
for
this
coronavirus
dynamic
intra-host
heterogeneity
typical
RNA
viruses
would
be
toned
down.
Nothing
sort
is
observed.
Here
we
review
main
observations
on
complexity
and
diverse
composition
mutant
spectra
sampled
from
infected
patients,
within
framework
quasispecies
dynamics.
The
analyses
suggest
information
provided
by
myriads
genomic
sequences
individuals
may
have
a
predictive
value
acquire
epidemiological
relevance.
Possibilities
to
reconcile
presence
broad
large
genome
with
its
encoding
3'
5'
exonuclease
proofreading-repair
activity
are
considered.
Indeterminations
behavior
individual
viral
genomes
provide
benefit
survival
ensemble.
We
propose
concept
falls
domain
"stochastic
thinking,"
notion
applies
also
cellular
processes,
as
means
biological
systems
face
unexpected
needs.
Egyptian Liver Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2024
Abstract
Background
Polyploidization,
a
process
where
cells
acquire
additional
chromosome
sets,
is
unique
characteristic
of
hepatocytes.
This
has
been
increasingly
recognized
as
an
adaptive
mechanism
for
maintaining
liver
function
during
aging,
period
characterized
by
cellular
senescence,
DNA
damage,
and
metabolic
dysregulation.
Purpose
review
explores
the
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
hepatocyte
polyploidization
its
potential
role
in
promoting
resilience
against
aging-related
decline
function.
We
assess
how
polyploid
hepatocytes
contribute
to
genomic
stability,
stress
resistance,
adaptation,
highlighting
their
relevance
aging.
Main
body
Hepatocyte
occurs
through
such
cytokinesis
failure
endoreplication,
leading
binuclear
or
mononuclear
cells.
Polyploid
exhibit
enhanced
repair
capacity,
which
helps
mitigate
accumulation
age-related
damage.
The
increased
gene
dosage
facilitates
better
responses,
particularly
oxidative
genotoxic
insults.
Metabolic
adaptations,
including
xenobiotic
metabolism
lipid
regulation,
further
support
liver’s
ability
maintain
homeostasis
Additionally,
demonstrate
altered
epigenetic
landscapes
proteostasis
mechanisms,
contributing
improved
reduced
susceptibility
senescence.
These
adaptations
collectively
enhance
structural
challenges.
Conclusion
represents
critical
protective
that
safeguard
instability,
dysfunction,
stress.
Understanding
pathways
driving
could
pave
way
novel
therapeutic
strategies
combat
disorders
health
span.
Graphical
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2024
Although
implicated
as
deleterious
in
many
organisms,
aneuploidy
can
underlie
rapid
phenotypic
evolution.
However,
will
only
be
maintained
if
the
benefit
outweighs
cost,
which
remains
incompletely
understood.
To
quantify
this
cost
and
molecular
determinants
behind
it,
we
generated
a
panel
of
chromosome
duplications
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024
Abstract
How
organisms
respond
to
environmental
stress
is
a
key
topic
in
evolutionary
biology.
This
study
focused
on
the
genomic
evolution
of
Laburnicola
rhizohalophila
,
dark-septate
endophytic
fungus
from
roots
halophyte.
Chromosome-level
assemblies
were
generated
five
representative
isolates
structured
subpopulations.
The
data
revealed
significant
plasticity
resulting
chromosomal
polymorphisms
created
by
fusion
and
fission
events,
known
as
dysploidy.
Analyses
features,
phylogenomics,
macrosynteny
have
provided
clear
evidence
for
origin
intraspecific
diploid-like
hybrids.
Notably,
one
diploid
phenotype
stood
out
an
outlier
exhibited
conditional
fitness
advantage
when
exposed
range
abiotic
stresses
compared
with
its
parents.
By
comparing
gene
expression
patterns
each
hybrid
parent
triad
under
four
growth
conditions,
mechanisms
underlying
vigor
corroborated
through
analysis
transgressively
upregulated
genes
enriched
membrane
glycerolipid
biosynthesis
transmembrane
transporter
activity.
In
vitro
assays
suggested
increased
integrity
lipid
accumulation,
well
decreased
malondialdehyde
production
optimal
salt
conditions
(0.3
M
NaCl)
hybrid.
These
attributes
been
implicated
salinity
tolerance.
supports
notion
that
hybridization-induced
genome
doubling
leads
emergence
phenotypic
innovations
extremophilic
endophyte.
