CAFs Interacting With TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2021

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor macrophages (TAMs) are among the most important abundant players of microenvironment. CAFs as well TAMs known to play pivotal supportive roles in growth progression. The number CAF or TAM cells is mostly correlated with poor prognosis. Both a reciprocal communication milieu . In addition such interactions, also involved dynamic interrelationship each other. capable altering other’s functions. Here, current understanding distinct mechanisms about complex interplay between summarized. addition, consequences mutual relationship especially for progression immune evasion highlighted, focusing on synergistic pleiotropic effects. crucial components microenvironment; thus, they may prove be potential therapeutic targets. A better tri-directional interactions CAFs, cancer terms will pave way identification novel theranostic cues order target carcinogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Immune cell - produced ROS and their impact on tumor growth and metastasis

Redox Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 42, С. 101891 - 101891

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derivatives of molecular (O2) involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In immune cells, ROS mediators pivotal functions such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation recognition, cytolysis well phenotypical differentiation. Furthermore, exert immunosuppressive effects on T natural killer (NK) cells which is particular importance the so-called "tumor microenvironment" (TME) solid tumors. This term describes heterogenous group non-malignant including tumor-associated fibroblasts vascular bacteria etc. by cancer surrounded with whom they engage functional crosstalk. Importantly, pharmacological targeting TME and, specifically, utilizing checkpoint inhibitors - monoclonal antibodies that mitigate immunosuppression turned out to be a major breakthrough treatment malignant this review, we aim give an overview role produced play during initiation, progression metastatic outgrowth cancers. Finally, summarize findings how could targeted therapeutically increase efficacy immunotherapy discuss factors determining therapeutic success redox modulation

Язык: Английский

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Macrophage morphology correlates with single-cell diversity and prognosis in colorectal liver metastasis

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 217(11)

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2020

It has long been known that in vitro polarized macrophages differ morphology. Stemming from a conventional immunohistology observation, we set out to test the hypothesis morphology of tumor-associated (TAMs) colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) represents correlate functional diversity with prognostic significance. Density and morphological metrics TAMs were measured correlated clinicopathological variables. While density did not survival CLM patients, cell area identified small (S-TAM) large (L-TAM) associated 5-yr disease-free rates 27.8% 0.2%, respectively (P < 0.0001). RNA sequencing morphologically distinct LXR/RXR as most enriched pathway macrophages, up-regulation genes involved cholesterol metabolism, scavenger receptors, MERTK, complement. In single-cell analysis mononuclear phagocytes tissues, S-TAM L-TAM signatures differentially individual clusters. These results suggest morphometric characterization can serve simple readout TAM strong

Язык: Английский

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Hepatic macrophages: Key players in the development and progression of liver fibrosis

Liver International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(10), С. 2279 - 2294

Опубликована: Май 9, 2021

Abstract Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathological process involving persistent liver injury with various etiologies and subsequent inflammatory responses that occur in chronic diseases. If left untreated, can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma eventually, failure. Unfortunately, date, there no effective treatment for fibrosis, the exception of transplantation. Although pathophysiology multifactorial includes activation hepatic stellate cells, which are known drive fibrogenesis, macrophages have emerged as central players development regression. macrophages, consist resident (Kupffer cells) monocyte‐derived been shown play an intricate role initiation injury, progression promotion resolution. These features made uniquely attractive therapeutic targets fight against fibrosis. In this review, we synthesised literature highlight functions regulation heterogeneity macrophages. Furthermore, using existing findings, attempt offer insights into molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic switch from fibrogenic restorative heterogeneity, modes action A better understanding these may guide novel anti‐fibrotic therapies (eg macrophage subset‐targeted treatments) combat future.

Язык: Английский

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Macrophage Polarization in Cardiac Tissue Repair Following Myocardial Infarction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(5), С. 2715 - 2715

Опубликована: Март 8, 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around globe, creating a substantial socio-economic burden as result. Myocardial infarction significant contributor to detrimental impact cardiovascular disease. The death cardiomyocytes following myocardial causes an immune response which leads further destruction tissue, subsequently, results in formation non-contractile scar tissue. Macrophages have been recognized important regulators participants inflammation fibrosis infarction. are generally classified into two distinct groups, namely, classically activated, or M1 macrophages, alternatively M2 macrophages. phenotypic profile cardiac however, much more diverse should not be reduced these subsets. In this review, we describe phenotypes functions macrophages present healthy, well infarcted heart, analyze them with respect polarization states. Furthermore, discuss therapeutic strategies utilize macrophage towards anti-inflammatory reparative phenotype for treatment

Язык: Английский

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