Neutrophil: A Cell with Many Roles in Inflammation or Several Cell Types?

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2018

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in circulation, and have been regarded as first line of defense innate arm immune system. They capture destroy invading microorganisms, through phagocytosis intracellular degradation, release granules, formation neutrophil extracellular traps after detecting pathogens. also participate mediators inflammation. The classical view for these is that neutrophils constitute a homogenous population terminally differentiated cells with unique function. However, evidence accumulated recent years, has revealed present large phenotypic heterogeneity functional versatility, which place important modulators both inflammation responses. Indeed, roles played by homeostatic conditions well pathological processes focus renovated interest biology. In this review, I concept describe several subpopulations reported to date. discuss role seem play homeostasis disease.

Язык: Английский

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The Neutrophil’s Role During Health and Disease

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(2), С. 1223 - 1248

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2019

Neutrophils have always been considered as uncomplicated front-line troopers of the innate immune system equipped with limited proinflammatory duties. Yet recently, role neutrophil has undergoing a rejuvenation sorts. are now complex cells capable significant array specialized functions, and an effector response, they able to regulate many processes such acute injury repair, cancer, autoimmunity, chronic inflammatory processes. Furthermore, evidence exists indicate that neutrophils also contribute adaptive immunity by aiding development specific responses or guiding subsequent response. With this revived interest in their novel it is prudent review what currently known about and, even more importantly, understand information lacking. We discuss essential features neutrophil, from its origins, lifespan, subsets, margination sequestration death neutrophil. highlight recruitment both infected injured tissues outline differences between different tissues. Finally, we examine how use mechanisms either bolster protective negatively cause pathological outcomes at locations.

Язык: Английский

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Phenotypic Diversity and Plasticity in Circulating Neutrophil Subpopulations in Cancer

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 10(4), С. 562 - 573

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2015

Controversy surrounds neutrophil function in cancer because neutrophils were shown to provide both pro- and antitumor functions. We identified a heterogeneous subset of low-density (LDNs) that appear transiently self-resolving inflammation but accumulate continuously with progression. LDNs display impaired immunosuppressive properties, characteristics are stark contrast those mature, high-density (HDNs). consist immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) mature derived from HDNs TGF-β-dependent mechanism. Our findings identify three distinct populations circulating challenge the concept have limited plasticity. Furthermore, our mechanistic explanation mitigate controversy surrounding cancer.

Язык: Английский

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Neutrophil ageing is regulated by the microbiome

Nature, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 525(7570), С. 528 - 532

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Neutrophil-Derived Cytokines: Facts Beyond Expression

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 5

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2014

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils, besides being involved in primary defense against infections – mainly through phagocytosis, generation of toxic molecules, release enzymes and formation extracellular traps - are also gaining importance as cells contributing to finely regulate the development inflammatory immune responses. These latter functions neutrophils occur, part, via their de novo production a large variety cytokines, including chemotactic cytokines (chemokines). Accordingly, improvement technologies for molecular functional cell analysis, along with concomitant advancing purification techniques, have allowed identification continuously growing list neutrophil-derived well characterization biological implications vitro and/or vivo. This short review summarizes crucial concepts on modalities expression, regulation cytokines. It highlights examples illustrating potential according recent observations made humans experimental animal models.

Язык: Английский

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Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2018

Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by tumor-associated cells may either support or halt tumor progression. In addition to contact, communicate through secreted factors via a highly system characteristics such as ligand concentration, receptor expression integration of diverse signaling pathways. Of these, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, emerging novel mediators in physiological pathological scenarios. Exosomes, membrane vesicles endocytic origin released all (both healthy diseased), ranging size from 30 150nm, transport the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs microRNA, perform intercellular transfer components, locally systemically. By acting only cells, also fibroblasts, endothelium, leukocytes progenitor tumor- non-tumor cells-derived exosomes have emerged new players growth invasion, angiogenesis, tissue inflammation immunologic remodeling. addition, due their property carrying molecules cell peripheral circulation, been increasingly studied sources biomarkers liquid biopsies. Here we review current literature on participation highlighting role this process setup microenvironments that modulate initiation metastasis.

Язык: Английский

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Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 73(9), С. 1765 - 1786

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2016

Inflammation is a cellular response to factors that challenge the homeostasis of cells and tissues. Cell-associated soluble pattern-recognition receptors, e.g. Toll-like inflammasome complement components initiate complex cascades by recognizing or sensing different pathogen damage-associated molecular patterns, respectively. Cytokines chemokines represent alarm messages for leukocytes once activated, these travel long distances targeted inflamed Although it crucial survival mechanism, prolonged inflammation detrimental participates in numerous chronic age-related diseases. This article will review onset link its functions pathogenesis macular degeneration (AMD), which leading cause severe vision loss aged individuals developed countries. In this progressive disease, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) results death photoreceptors, central vision. The RPE prone oxidative stress, factor together with deteriorating functionality, decreased intracellular recycling degradation due attenuated heterophagy/autophagy, induces inflammation. early phases, accumulation lipofuscin extracellular drusen between Bruch's membrane can be clinically detected. Subsequently, dry (atrophic) AMD there geographic atrophy discrete areas whereas wet (exudative) form neovascularization penetrating from choroid layers. Elevations levels local systemic biomarkers indicate involved both disease forms.

Язык: Английский

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Skin Acute Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Inflammation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 2019, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2019

Experimental work of the last two decades has revealed general steps wound healing process. This complex network been organized in three sequential and overlapping steps. The first step inflammatory phase is an immediate response to injury; primary sensory neurons sense injury send danger signals brain, stop bleeding start inflammation. following target phase, led by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, eliminate pathogens clean wound. Once this completed, resolved homeostasis restored. aim proliferative second repair damage begin tissue remodeling. Fibroplasia, reepithelialization, angiogenesis, nerve are central actions phase. Lastly, objective final complete remodeling restore skin integrity. review provides present day information regarding status participant extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, as well their interactions with microenvironment during

Язык: Английский

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Tumor Associated Neutrophils. Their Role in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, Prognosis and Therapy

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2019

Tumor Associated Neutrophils (TANs) are recruited to the tumor microenvironment by cytokines and chemokines, can be classified according their activation cytokine status effects on cell growth in N1 N2 TANs. TANs exert an antitumor activity, direct or indirect cytotoxicity. On other hand, promote immunosuppression, growth, angiogenesis metastasis DNA instability, chemokines release. In patients, either a high number of Neutrophil-to-Lynphocyte Ratio (NLR) do correlate with poor prognosis, and, so far, TAN counts NLR regarded as biomarkers. Due key role promoting progression, therapeutic strategies target have been suggested, two major approaches proposed: a) targeting CXCL-8/CXCR-1/CXCR-2 axis, thereby depleting entirely b) specific polymorpho- nuclear derived substances that growth. Many studies accomplished vitro animal models, whereas clinical restrained, presently, due risk inducing immunosuppression. this review, we deeply discuss anti-tumorigenic pro-tumorigenic activity particular, relevance prognosis widely described. On-going trials, aimed inhibit neutrophil recruitment into also accurately debated.

Язык: Английский

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Neutrophils as protagonists and targets in chronic inflammation

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 17(4), С. 248 - 261

Опубликована: Март 13, 2017

Язык: Английский

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