Conservation of locomotion-induced oculomotor activity through evolution in mammals

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(2), С. 453 - 461.e4

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Diagnosis of colour vision deficits using eye movements

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Май 11, 2022

We set out to develop a simple objective test of functional colour vision based on eye movements made in response moving patterns. exploit the finding that while motion colour-defined stimulus can be cancelled by adding low-contrast luminance-defined opposite direction, "equivalent luminance contrast" required for such cancellation is reduced when abnormal. used consumer-grade infrared eye-tracker measure coloured patterns drifting at different speeds. An automated analysis these estimated individuals' red-green equiluminant point and their equivalent contrast. tested 34 participants: 23 normal controls, 9 deuteranomalous 2 protanomalous individuals. obtained reliable estimates strength directed (i.e. combined optokinetic voluntary tracking) stimuli 16 deg/s could use data classify participants' status with sensitivity rate 90.9% specificity 91.3%. conclude an combining motion-nulling technique diagnose assess severity protanopia deuteranopia. The places minimal demands patients (who simply view series less than 90 s), requires modest operator expertise, run affordable hardware.

Язык: Английский

---

Role of locomotor efference copy in vertebrate gaze stabilization

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2022

Vertebrate locomotion presents a major challenge for maintaining visual acuity due to head movements resulting from the intimate biomechanical coupling with propulsive musculoskeletal system. Retinal image stabilization has been traditionally ascribed transformation of motion-related sensory feedback into counteracting ocular motor commands. However, extensive exploration spontaneously active semi-intact and isolated brain/spinal cord preparations amphibian Xenopus laevis , have revealed that efference copies (ECs) spinal program generates axial- or limb-based propulsion directly drive compensatory eye movements. During fictive in larvae, ascending ECs rostral central pattern generating (CPG) circuitry are relayed through defined pathway mid- hindbrain nuclei produce conjugate rotations during tail-based undulatory swimming intact animal. In post-metamorphic adult frogs, this rhythmic command switches bilaterally-synchronous burst is appropriate convergent required stability limb kick-based rectilinear forward propulsion. The transition between these two fundamentally different patterns underpinned by emergence altered trajectories spino-ocular pathways occur gradually metamorphosis, providing goal-specific, morpho-functional plasticity ensures retinal irrespective locomotor mode. Although functional impact predictive produced locomotory CPG matches spatio-temporal specificity reactive sensory-motor responses, rather than contributing additively stabilization, horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) selectively suppressed intense activity. This achieved at least part an EC-mediated attenuation mechano-electrical encoding vestibular periphery. Thus, their potential suppressive on processing, both which now reported other vertebrates including humans, appear play important role maintenance stable vision body displacements.

Язык: Английский

---

Subsets of extraocular motoneurons produce kinematically distinct saccades during hunting and exploration

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Abstract Animals construct diverse behavioural repertoires by moving a limited number of body parts with varied kinematics and patterns coordination. There is evidence that distinct movements can be generated changes in activity dynamics within common pool motoneurons, or selectively engaging specific subsets motoneurons task-dependent manner. However, most cases we have an incomplete understanding the motoneuron generate actions how upstream premotor circuits select assemble such motor programmes. In this study, used two closely related but kinematically types saccadic eye movement larval zebrafish as model to examine circuit control diversity. contrast prevailing view final pathway, found oculomotor nucleus, were engaged for each saccade type. This type-specific recruitment was topographically organised aligned ultrastructural differ-ences morphology afferent synaptic innervation. Medially located motoneu-rons active both tracing revealed type-agnostic pathway appears their recruitment. By contrast, laterally subset specifically hunting-associated saccades received in-put from pretectal hunting command neurons. Our data support which generalist action-specific pathways engage elicit same part subserve functions.

Язык: Английский

---

Use of a tissue clearing technique combined with retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing to evaluate changes in mouse retinorecipient brain regions following optic nerve crush

Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(4), С. 913 - 913

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2022

Successful establishment of reconnection between retinal ganglion cells and retinorecipient regions in the brain is critical to optic nerve regeneration. However, morphological assessments are limited by opacity tissue. In this study, we used an innovative tissue cleaning technique combined with retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing observe changes connected mice after injury. Specifically, performed light-sheet imaging whole a clearing process. We found that pseudorabies virus 724 (PRV724) mostly infected cells, could use it retrogradely trace tissue-cleared brains. Unexpectedly, PRV724-traced neurons were more widely distributed compared data from previous studies. injury selectively modify projections hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, intergeniculate leaflet, ventral lateral geniculate central amygdala, basolateral Edinger-Westphal oculomotor but not superior vestibular red locus coeruleus, gigantocellular reticular or facial nucleus. Our findings demonstrate technique, tracing, can be objectively comprehensively evaluate mouse receive Thus, our approach may useful for future estimations

Язык: Английский

---

Development and Developmental Disorders of the Brain Stem

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 445 - 521

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Distinct transcriptomic profile of satellite cells contributes to preservation of neuromuscular junctions in extraocular muscles of ALS mice

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive weakness of almost all skeletal muscles, whereas extraocular muscles (EOMs) are comparatively spared. While hindlimb and diaphragm end-stage SOD1G93A (G93A) mice (a familial ALS mouse model) exhibit severe denervation depletion Pax7+satellite cells (SCs), we found that the pool SCs integrity junctions (NMJs) maintained in EOMs. In cell sorting profiles, derived from G93A denervation-related activation, EOMs display spontaneous (non-denervation-related) similar to wild-type mice. Specifically, cultured EOM contain more abundant transcripts axon guidance molecules, including Cxcl12, along with sustainable renewability than counterparts under differentiation pressure. co-culture assays, AAV-delivery Cxcl12 G93A-hindlimb SC-derived myotubes enhances motor neuron extension innervation, recapitulating innervation capacity myotubes. fed sodium butyrate (NaBu) supplementation exhibited less NMJ loss muscles. Additionally, displayed elevated expression improved following NaBu treatment vitro. Thus, NaBu-induced transcriptomic changes resembling patterns may contribute beneficial effects observed More broadly, distinct profile offer novel therapeutic targets slow functional decay provide possible 'response biomarkers' pre-clinical clinical studies.

Язык: Английский

---

The saccadic repertoire of larval zebrafish reveals kinematically distinct saccades that are used in specific behavioural contexts

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023

Summary Saccades are rapid eye movements that used by all species with good vision. They have been extensively studied, especially in vertebrates, and understood to be controlled a conserved brainstem circuit. However, despite the fact saccades play important roles during diverse visually guided behaviours, little is known about whether their properties, including manner which they coordinated head/body movements, vary context of different visuomotor tasks. Here, we characterise saccadic repertoire larval zebrafish identify five saccade types, defined systematic differences kinematics binocular coordination. Each type was differentially expressed behaviours. Conjugate form large group at least four contexts: Fast phases optokinetic nystagmus, visual scanning stationary animals, shift or maintain gaze locomotion. Convergent specialised role hunting body foveate prey. Furthermore, conjugate convergent follow distinct velocity main sequence relationships show millisecond coordination eyes body, pointing underlying neurophysiology. In summary, this study reveals unexpected diversity horizontal predicts type-specific neural activity patterns. Highlights Kinematic analysis thousands types. identifiable functions. Timing, indicate control.

Язык: Английский

---

Homeostatic plasticity of eye movement performance in Xenopus tadpoles following prolonged visual image motion stimulation

Journal of Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 270(1), С. 57 - 70

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2022

Visual image motion-driven ocular motor behaviors such as the optokinetic reflex (OKR) provide sensory feedback for optimizing gaze stability during head/body motion. The performance of this visuo-motor is subject to plastic alterations depending on requirements imposed by specific eco-physiological or developmental circumstances. While plasticity can be experimentally induced various combinations motion-related stimuli, extent which evoked behavioral contribute demands an environment remains often obscure. Here, we used isolated preparations Xenopus laevis tadpoles assess and ontogenetic dependency prolonged visual a reliable attenuation large OKR amplitudes already in young larvae, robust response magnitude-dependent bidirectional present only at older stages. possibility larvae faithfully enhance small coincides with maturation inferior olivary-Purkinje cell signal integration. This conclusion was supported loss following transection climbing fiber pathway immunohistochemical demonstration considerable volumetric extension Purkinje dendritic area between two tested different onsets might functionally serve standardize output, comparable known differential adaptability vestibulo-ocular reflexes these animals. homeostatic potentially equilibrates working range altered visuo-vestibular conditions motion fine-tune resultant eye movements.

Язык: Английский

---

Transmitter and ion channel profiles of neurons in the primate abducens and trochlear nuclei

Brain Structure and Function, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 226(7), С. 2125 - 2151

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2021

Abstract Extraocular motoneurons initiate dynamically different eye movements, including saccades, smooth pursuit and vestibulo-ocular reflexes. These subdivide into two main types based on the structure of neuro-muscular interface: singly-innervated (SIF), multiply-innervated muscle fibers (MIF). SIF are thought to provoke strong brief/fast contractions, whereas MIF prolonged, slow contractions. While relevant for adequate functionality, transmitter ion channel profiles associated with morpho-physiological differences between these motoneuron types, have not been elucidated so far. This prompted us investigate expression voltage-gated potassium, sodium calcium channels ( Kv1.1 , Kv3.1b Nav1.6 Cav3.1 – 3.3 KCC2 ), their presynaptic terminals vGlut1 2 GlyT2 GAD ) receptors GluR2/3 NMDAR1 GlyR1α using immunohistochemical analyses abducens trochlear internuclear neurons (INTs) in macaque monkeys. The findings were: (1) express unique profiles, respectively, likely accounting intrinsic membrane properties. (2) Presynaptic glutamatergic synapses utilize vGlut2, but vGlut1. (3) Trochlear receive GABAergic inputs, both glycinergic inputs. (4) Synaptic densities differ motoneurons, receiving fewer terminals. (5) Glutamatergic receptor subtypes motoneurons. is intensely expressed INTs, lack this subtype entirely. obtained cell-type-specific conductance illuminate structural substrates responsible differential contributions nuclei movements.

Язык: Английский

---