The hidden structure of human enamel

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2019

Abstract Enamel is the hardest and most resilient tissue in human body. includes morphologically aligned, parallel, ∼50 nm wide, microns-long nanocrystals, bundled either into 5-μm-wide rods or their space-filling interrod. The orientation of enamel crystals, however, poorly understood. Here we show that crystalline c -axes are homogenously oriented interrod crystals across layer thickness. Within each rod not co-oriented with one another long axis rod, as previously assumed: adjacent nanocrystals frequently mis-oriented by 1°–30°, this within gradually changes, an overall angle spread never zero, but varies between 30°–90° rod. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate observed mis-orientations induce crack deflection. This toughening mechanism contributes to unique resilience enamel, which lasts a lifetime under extreme physical chemical challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Health-related toxicity of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Comparison to legacy PFOS and PFOA

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 212, С. 113431 - 113431

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Chemical gradients in human enamel crystallites

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 583(7814), С. 66 - 71

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(3), С. 807 - 807

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Chitosan is a chitin-derived biopolymer that has shown great potential for tissue regeneration and controlled drug delivery. It numerous qualities make it attractive biomedical applications such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, many others. Importantly, chitosan can be fabricated into variety of structures including nanoparticles, scaffolds, hydrogels, membranes, which tailored to deliver desirable outcome. Composite chitosan-based biomaterials have been demonstrated stimulate in vivo the repair various tissues organs, but not limited to, bone, cartilage, dental, skin, nerve, cardiac, other tissues. Specifically, de novo formation, resident stem cell differentiation, extracellular matrix reconstruction were observed multiple preclinical models different injuries upon treatment with formulations. Moreover, proven efficient carriers medications, genes, bioactive compounds since they maintain sustained release these therapeutics. In this review, we discuss most recently published organ well delivery

Язык: Английский

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Analysis of Dental Enamel Remineralization: A Systematic Review of Technique Comparisons

Bioengineering, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(4), С. 472 - 472

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023

The demineralization process conditions the structure of enamel and begins with a superficial decalcification procedure that makes surface porous gives it chalky appearance. White spot lesions (WSLs) are first clinical sign can be appreciated before caries evolves into cavitated lesions. years research have led to testing several remineralization techniques. This study's objective is investigate assess various methods for remineralizing enamel. dental techniques been evaluated. A literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Web Science was performed. After screening, identification, eligibility processes 17 papers were selected qualitative analysis. systematic review identified materials that, whether used singly or in combination, effective All potential when they come contact tooth surfaces early-stage (white lesions). From studies conducted test, all substances which fluoride has added contribute remineralization. It believed by developing researching new techniques, this might develop even more successfully.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical and Technological Evaluation of the Remineralising Effect of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in a Population Aged 6 to 18 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Bioengineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(2), С. 152 - 152

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025

The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy two different remineralising toothpastes in preventing dental caries and promoting oral health. Patients aged 6–18 years old with healthy fully erupted first permanent molars (C1 C2 DIAGNOdent scores) were enrolled into groups according home-hydroxyapatite-based treatment used: Trial group used zinc carbonate hydroxyapatite-based (Biorepair Total Protective Repair), while Control magnesium strontium hydroxyapatite conjugated chitosan toothpaste (Curasept Biosmalto Caries Abrasion & Erosion). Dental periodontal parameters measured over a six-month period, including Pen Index (primary outcome), BEWE Index, Plaque Bleeding Score, Schiff Air ICDAS assessed DIAGNOcam. A total 40 patients equally allocated finally analyzed. significant reduction score reported after 1 month treatment, group, no change found. also showed plaque levels 3 months it occurred month. However, Score differences between groups, suggesting that additional measures may be required address gingival inflammation hypersensitivity. index statistically changes, due limited duration study. Overall, zinc-hydroxyapatite-based more effective than enhancing enamel remineralisation short-term period. assigned treatments did not result improvements indexes

Язык: Английский

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Controlling Enamel Remineralization by Amyloid‐Like Amelogenin Mimics

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 32(31)

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2020

Abstract In situ regeneration of the enamel‐like structure hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals under oral conditions is significant for dental caries treatment. However, it still a challenge dentists to duplicate elegant and well‐aligned apatite bonding surface demineralized enamel. A biocompatible amelogenin‐inspired matrix, phase‐transited lysozyme (PTL) film mimicking an N‐terminal amelogenin with central domain (N‐Ame) combined synthetic peptide (C‐AMG) based on functional domains C‐terminal telopeptide (C‐Ame) shown here, which formed by amyloid‐like aggregation at enamel interface through rapid one‐step aqueous coating process. PTL/C‐AMG C‐AMG facilitated oriented arrangement amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles their transformation ordered HAp crystals, while PTL served as strong interfacial anchor immobilize matrix versatile substrate surfaces. film‐coated induced both in vivo vitro synthesis epitaxial growth recovered highly mechanical properties levels nearly identical those natural This work underlines importance protein aggregates biomineralization enamel, providing promising strategy treating caries.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair

International Journal of Oral Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021

Abstract Biomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including bones teeth in vertebrates. The underlying mechanisms pathways of biomineralization provide inspiration for designing constructing materials to repair hard tissues. In particular, formation processes minerals can be partly replicated utilizing bioinspired artificial mimic functions biomolecules or stabilize intermediate mineral phases involved biomineralization. Here, we review recent advances biomineralization-inspired developed tissue repair. Biomineralization-inspired are categorized into different types based on their specific applications, include bone repair, dentin remineralization, enamel remineralization. Finally, advantages limitations these summarized, several perspectives future directions discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Biomineralization of Enamel and Dentin Mediated by Matrix Proteins

Journal of Dental Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 100(10), С. 1020 - 1029

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2021

Biomineralization of enamel, dentin, and bone involves the deposition apatite mineral crystals within an organic matrix. Bone teeth are classic examples biomaterials with unique biomechanical properties that crucial to their function. The collagen-based mineralization important function noncollagenous proteins similar in dentin bone; however, enamel is formed a amelogenin-containing protein While structure composition different from those bone, principal molecular mechanisms protein–protein interactions, self-assembly, control crystallization events by matrix common among these apatite-containing tissues. This review briefly summarizes components interactions other extracellular calcium ions mediating process. We highlight controlled during biomineralization. Strategies for peptide-inspired biomimetic growth tooth bioinspired collagen stimulate repair demineralized tissue engineering also addressed.

Язык: Английский

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Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein Matrix

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(12), С. 4458 - 4458

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2020

Tooth enamel is the outer covering of tooth crowns, hardest material in mammalian body, yet fracture resistant. The extremely high content 95 wt% calcium phosphate healthy adult teeth achieved through mineralization a proteinaceous matrix that changes abundance and composition. Enamel-specific proteins proteases are known to be critical for proper formation. Recent proteomics analyses revealed many other with their roles formation unraveled. Although exact protein composition still unknown, it apparent compromised deviates amount its organic material. Why these differences affect both process before eruption properties erupted will become as protocols adjusted variability between species, size, sample size ephemeral forming teeth. This review summarizes current knowledge published data diseased enamel, including advancements forensic applications disease models animals. A summary discussion status quo highlights how recent findings advance our understating complexity temporal extracellular during

Язык: Английский

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