Prognosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer: A 2024 Update

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(9), С. 1708 - 1708

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2024

Due to the high death rate associated with gastric cancer, a great deal of research has been conducted on this disease. The goal paper was start trimestral review 2024 for year that had just started. scientific literature from 1 January chosen consideration guidelines European Society Medical Oncology (ESMO), which are updated new findings but not systematically reviewed annually. We used search term “gastric cancer” find most current publications in PubMed database related prognosis and treatment cancer. As previously said, only articles satisfied inclusion criteria were those 2024. Articles case reports eliminated since they nothing do our research. cancer is focus majority primary axes include surgery immunonutrition, immunotherapy Helicobacter pylori, therapeutic targets. Patients GC may experience less psychological, social, financial hardship if recently identified markers discovered circulation better assessed validated. This could be achieved by either including an artificial intelligence-based diagnostic score or using them conjunction traditional methods. rising GC, funding into diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, targets essential.

Язык: Английский

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Immune Cell Migration to Cancer

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(10), С. 844 - 844

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

Immune cell migration is required for the development of an effective and robust immune response. This elegant process regulated by both cellular environmental factors, with variables such as state, anatomical location, disease state that govern differences in patterns. In all cases, a major factor expression surface receptors their cognate ligands. Rapid adaptation to conditions partly depends on intrinsic factors affect cell’s ability adjust new environment. this review, we discuss myeloid lymphoid cells outline key determinants migration, including molecules adhesion, modes chemotaxis, specific chemokine signaling. Furthermore, summarize tumor-specific elements contribute trafficking cancer, while also exploring microenvironment can alter these dynamics within tumor pro antitumor fashion. Specifically, highlight importance secretome later aspects. review considers myriad impact trajectory cancer. We aim immunotherapeutic targets be harnessed achieve controlled tumors.

Язык: Английский

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Liposomes-enabled cancer chemoimmunotherapy

Biomaterials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 313, С. 122801 - 122801

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Mapping the landscape of gastric cancer immunotherapy: Bibliometric insights into advances and hotspots

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has surfaced as a promising therapeutic modality for gastric cancer (GC). A comprehensive review of advancements, current status, and research trends in GC immunotherapy is essential to inform future investigative efforts. AIM To delineate the trends, focal points GC. METHODS We performed bibliometric analysis 2906 articles English concerning published from 2000 December 20, 2023, indexed Web Science Core Collection. Data visualization were facilitated by CiteSpace (6.1.6R), VOSviewer v.1.6.17, GraphPad Prism v8.0.2. RESULTS There been an increase annual publication rate research. China leads volume, while United States demonstrates highest citation impact. Fudan University notable its frequency output. Co-citation keyword revealed highlighted focus on prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), integrative with targeted therapy. Emerging areas include gastroesophageal junction cancer, adoptive immunotherapy, role Treg cell immunotherapy. CONCLUSION expanding field attracting considerable scientific interest. With clinical adoption GC, primary goals are enhance treatment efficacy patient outcomes. Unlike hematological malignancies, GC's solid TME presents distinct immunological challenges that may attenuate cytotoxic effects immune cells cells. For instance, although CAR-T therapy effective it underperformed settings. Current centered overcoming immunosuppression within TME, combinations therapy, dynamics, precise prognosis prediction Additionally, immunotherapy's treating become novel focus.

Язык: Английский

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Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 reduces 5-FU sensitivity in gastric cancer cells via JAK/STAT/NOX4 axis

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 753, С. 151519 - 151519

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Nab-paclitaxel combined with cadonilimab (AK104) as second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer: protocol for a phase II prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide, often diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, and irinotecan, either as monotherapies or in combination ramucirumab, are currently standard second-line treatments for GC. However, efficacy these therapies limited, necessitating development new strategies to improve response rates. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown success first-line treatment GC, leading interest immune rechallenge treatment. Re-challenging patients ICIs after progression on may restore responses provide additional clinical benefit. Recently, cadonilimab (AK104), bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 CTLA-4, has demonstrated promising antitumor activity when combined chemotherapy gastric gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. safety nab-paclitaxel AK104 GC remain unclear. Furthermore, identifying predictive biomarkers essential developing personalized strategies. This study aims explore who progressed chemoimmunotherapy, focusing evaluating therapeutic effect cancer. prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm Phase II study. Eligible were histologically cytologically unresectable recurrent metastatic failed inhibitor, aged between 18-75 years old, expected survival ≥3 months, physical status 0 1 Eastern Cooperative Cancer Group (ECOG). Enrolled will receive intravenous (AK104) 6 mg/kg days 1, 15, 100 mg/m2 every four weeks 8, 15. The primary endpoints objective rate (ORR), secondary disease control (DCR), progression-free (PFS), overall (OS). exploratory was identify associated efficacy, mechanism action, safety. A total 59 participants planned be recruited using Simon's two-stage design. trial initiated June 2024 China. first prospective evaluate chemoimmunotherapy failure. By investigating rechallenge, it reactivate anti-tumor outcomes patients. exploration biomarkers, such ctDNA, TMB, MSI, PD-L1 expression, TIL profiles, gut microbiota, help personalize likely benefit from rechallenge. could valuable insights into overcoming resistance contribute strategy ClinicalTrials.Gov, identifier NCT06349967.

Язык: Английский

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Single Cell Analyses Reveal a Functionally Heterogeneous Exhausted CD8+ T Cell Subpopulation that is Correlated with Response to Checkpoint Therapy in Melanoma

Cancer Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 85(8), С. 1424 - 1440

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

PD-1 pathway inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, most patients do not durably benefit, highlighting the need for biomarkers to stratify as responders or nonresponders. Although CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) been associated with immune checkpoint therapy response, there is no consensus on which TIL subpopulations prognostic value. Preclinical studies focused progenitor-like exhausted T cells (TPEX) because TPEX proliferate more in response than other T-cell (TEX) subpopulations. inhibitor treatment drives differentiation into TEX populations that can mediate antitumor immunity. These data complicate ability identify prognostically important predict response. In this study, we found advanced melanoma ≥20% of TILs coexpressing and CTLA4 (termed CPHi TIL) had better objective rates survival following monotherapy those below threshold. Characterization subset using bulk single-cell RNA sequencing showed although TPEX-like were present within subset, they minority these cells. Rather, population was numerically dominated by subsets, including cycling, terminally exhausted-like, cytotoxic-like, and/or resident memory-like populations, a enriched glycolytic genes. Collectively, show correlate melanoma, but heterogeneous mix different may differentially contribute immunity blockade. Significance: The PD-1+ CTLA4+ lymphocyte correlating immunotherapy subpopulations, has implications optimizing checkpoint-based immunotherapy.

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive immunophenotyping of gastric adenocarcinoma identifies an inflamed class of tumors amenable to immunotherapies

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(3), С. e010024 - e010024

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Background Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) imposes a considerable global health burden. Molecular profiling of GAC from the tumor microenvironment perspective through multi-omics approach is eagerly awaited in order to allow more precise application novel therapies near future. Methods To better understand tumor-immune interface GAC, we identified an internal cohort 82 patients that allowed integrative molecular analysis including mutational by whole-exome sequencing, RNA gene expression 770 genes associated with immune response, and multiplex protein at spatial resolution 34 immuno-oncology targets different compartments (tumorous cells cells). findings were validated 595 TCGA ACRG external cohorts available multiomics data. Prediction response immunotherapies discovered immunophenotypes was assessed 1039 cancer transcriptome Results Unsupervised clustering subgroup includes 52% tumors, so-called Inflamed class, characterized high immunogenicity cytotoxicity, particularly center level, enrichment PIK3CA ARID1A mutations increased presence exhausted CD8+ T as well co-inhibitory receptors such PD1 , CTLA4 LAG3, TIGIT . The remaining 48% tumors called non-inflamed based on observed exclusion cell infiltration, overexpression VEGFA higher TP53 mutations, resulting worse clinical outcome. A 10-gene signature developed for identification belonging these classes, demonstrating evaluated datasets comparable utility predicting current when tested against other published signatures. Conclusions Comprehensive immunophenotyping identifies inflamed class complements previously proposed tumor-based clusters. Such may provide rationale exploring immunotherapeutic approaches biomarker-enriched populations improve patient’s survival.

Язык: Английский

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Macrophages in tumor cell migration and metastasis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a phenotypically diverse, highly plastic population of cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that have long been known to promote cancer progression. In this review, we summarize TAM ontogeny and polarization, then explore how TAMs enhance cell migration through TME, thus facilitating metastasis. We also discuss chemotherapy host factors including diet, obesity, race, impact phenotype brief, induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cells, giving them migratory phenotype. They extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, allowing migrate more easily. provide chemotactic signals directional towards blood vessels, participate signaling cascade at vessel allows intravasate disseminate throughout body. Furthermore, while can repolarize an anti-tumor response, these cytotoxic drugs lead macrophage-mediated relapse Patient response may be dependent on patient-specific such as shown alter macrophage affect cancer-related outcomes. More research progression is needed refine treatment strategies for patients.

Язык: Английский

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Spatial iTME analysis of KRAS mutant NSCLC and immunotherapy outcome

npj Precision Oncology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Abstract We conducted spatial immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) profiling using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 25 KRAS -mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including 12 responders and 13 non-responders. An eleven-marker panel (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD68, arginase-1, CD33, HLA-DR, pan-keratin (PanCK), PD-1, PD-L1) was used to study the compositions. Spatial features at single level cellular neighborhoods fractal analysis were determined. different subgroups CD68 + cells FOXP3 being associated response or resistance ICIs also identified. In particular, cells, CD33 found be resistance. Interestingly, there significant association between non-nuclear expression resistant ICIs. identified dim in tissues improved responses, which should insightful for future studies immunity.

Язык: Английский

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