Functional equivalence and evolutionary convergence in complex communities of microbial sponge symbionts

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 109(27)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2012

Microorganisms often form symbiotic relationships with eukaryotes, and the complexity of these can range from those one single dominant symbiont to associations hundreds species. Microbial symbionts occupying equivalent niches in different eukaryotic hosts may share functional aspects, convergent genome evolution has been reported for simple systems insects. However, complex communities, it is largely unknown how prevalent equivalence whether functions are conducted by evolutionarily mechanisms. Sponges represent an divergent group species common physiological ecological traits. They also host communities microbial thus ideal model test evolutionary convergence exist across phylogenetically hosts. Here we use a sampling design determine phylogenetic profiles associated six sponge We identify microbiomes, demonstrating existence equivalence. These core consistent our current understanding biological roles sponge-associated microorganisms provide insight into functions. Importantly, provided each analogous enzymes biosynthetic pathways. Moreover, abundance elements involved horizontal gene transfer suggests their key genomic symbionts. Our data demonstrate reveal details mechanisms that underpin process.

Язык: Английский

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Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Coordination-Assisted Functionalization of Nonactivated C(sp³)–H Bonds

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 121(24), С. 14957 - 15074

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2021

Transition-metal-catalyzed, coordination-assisted C(sp3)–H functionalization has revolutionized synthetic planning over the past few decades as use of these directing groups allowed for increased access to many strategic positions in organic molecules. Nonetheless, several challenges remain preeminent, such requirement high temperatures, difficulty removing or converting groups, and, although metals provide some reactivity, employing outside palladium. This review aims give a comprehensive overview coordination-assisted, transition-metal-catalyzed, direct nonactivated bonds by covering literature since 2004 order demonstrate current state-of-the-art methods well limitations. For clarity, this been divided into nine sections transition metal catalyst with subdivisions type bond formation. Synthetic applications and reaction mechanism are discussed where appropriate.

Язык: Английский

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Trace Metal Requirements for Microbial Enzymes Involved in the Production and Consumption of Methane and Nitrous Oxide

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 3

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2012

Fluxes of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are heavily influenced by microbiological activity. Microbial enzymes involved in production and consumption often contain metal cofactors. While extensive research has examined influence Fe bioavailability on microbial CO2 cycling, fewer studies have explored requirements for second- third-most abundant gasses, methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we review current state biochemical, physiological environmental transition CH4 N2O cycling. Methanogenic Archaea require large amounts Fe, Ni Co (and some Mo/W Zn). Low limits methanogenesis pure mixed cultures studies. Anaerobic oxidation "ANME" likely occurs via reverse since ANME possess most methanogenic pathway. Aerobic uses Cu or first step depending availability, additional Mo later steps. classical anaerobic denitrification is primarily Fe-based, whereas aerobic pathways (nitrifier archaeal ammonia oxidation) addition to, possibly place of, Fe. Genes encoding Cu-containing N¬2O reductase, only known enzyme capable conversion N2, been found denitrifiers. Accumulation due low observed a lake ecosystem, but not marine systems. Future needed metalloenzymes newly-discovered pathway oxidizing Archaea, biological mechanisms scavenging scarce metals, possible links between gas fluxes both environments where metals may be limiting sulfide-metal scavenging.

Язык: Английский

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A methanotrophic archaeon couples anaerobic oxidation of methane to Fe(III) reduction

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12(8), С. 1929 - 1939

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Adverse effect of heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg, and Cr) on health and their bioremediation strategies: a review

International Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 21(3), С. 97 - 106

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2018

Язык: Английский

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