2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 149(8)

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, obesity) factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, metabolic syndrome) that contribute health. AHA Disease Stroke Statistical Update presents latest data on a range major clinical circulatory disease conditions (including brain health, complications pregnancy, kidney congenital rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary cardiomyopathy, failure, valvular venous thromboembolism, peripheral artery disease) associated outcomes quality care, procedures, economic costs). METHODS: AHA, through its Epidemiology Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors evaluates sources stroke United States globally provide current information available annual review published literature year before writing. 2024 is product full year’s worth effort 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians scientists, committed government professionals, staff members. strives further understand help heal problems inflicted structural racism, public crisis can significantly damage mental perpetuate disparities access education, income, housing, several other vital healthy lives. This edition includes additional global data, as well monitoring benefits population, an enhanced focus equity across key domains. RESULTS: Each chapters focuses different topic statistics. CONCLUSIONS: represents critical resource for lay public, policymakers, media clinicians, care administrators, researchers, advocates, others seeking best these conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Damage to endothelial barriers and its contribution to long COVID

Angiogenesis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(1), С. 5 - 22

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health

GeroScience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Abstract Long COVID (also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [PASC] or post-COVID syndrome) is characterized by persistent symptoms that extend beyond the acute phase infection, affecting approximately 10% to over 30% those infected. It presents a significant clinical challenge, notably due pronounced neurocognitive such brain fog. The mechanisms underlying these effects are multifactorial, with mounting evidence pointing central role cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. This review investigates key pathophysiological contributing cerebrovascular dysfunction in long and their impacts on health. We discuss how endothelial tropism direct vascular trigger dysfunction, impaired neurovascular coupling, blood–brain barrier disruption, resulting compromised cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, appears induce mitochondrial enhancing oxidative stress inflammation within cells. Autoantibody formation following also potentially exacerbates injury, chronic ongoing compromise. These factors collectively contribute emergence white matter hyperintensities, promote amyloid pathology, may accelerate neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer’s disease. emphasizes critical advanced imaging techniques assessing health need for targeted interventions address complications. A deeper understanding essential advance treatments mitigate its long-term consequences.

Язык: Английский

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Neurovascular coupling impairment as a mechanism for cognitive deficits in COVID-19

Brain Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Components that comprise our brain parenchymal and cerebrovascular structures provide a homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function to ensure normal cognition. Cerebral insults (e.g. ischaemia, microbleeds infection) alter cellular physiologic processes within the neurovascular unit contribute cognitive dysfunction. COVID-19 has posed significant complications during acute convalescent stages in multiple organ systems, including brain. Cognitive impairment is prevalent complication patients, irrespective of severity SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, overwhelming evidence from vitro, preclinical clinical studies reported SARS-CoV-2-induced pathologies components are associated with impairment. Neurovascular disruption alters coupling response, critical mechanism regulates cerebromicrovascular blood flow meet energetic demands locally active neurons. Normal processing achieved through response involves coordinated action cells (i.e. neurons glia) cell types endothelia, smooth muscle pericytes). However, current work on COVID-19-induced yet investigate as causal factor. Hence, this review, we aim describe SARS-CoV-2's effects how they can impact decline disease. Additionally, explore potential therapeutic interventions mitigate Given great both individuals public health, necessity effort fundamental scientific research application becomes imperative. This integrated endeavour crucial mitigating deficits induced by its subsequent burden especially vulnerable population.

Язык: Английский

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Transformation of NETs under the effect of pathogens and IgG

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(4), С. 22 - 30

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Background . Many studies have shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the form of web-like structures are present peripheral blood patients with inflammatory diseases. In our research, addition to traditional NET structures, several anomalous forms were identified, including NETs cloud-like appearance. Aim To investigate morphological and functional transformation under influence Klebsiella pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG). Materials methods The study included 42 Moscow City Clinical Hospital No. 51: 28 acute inflammation abdominal cavity (appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, peritonitis), 6 diagnosed ulcerative colitis, 8 hernias. Neutrophils isolated using gradient-density centrifugation. calculate NETs, we used SYBR Green I-induced fluorescence microscopy (Evrogen, Russia), dye specifically interacting double-stranded DNA. activity was determined (ATCC 700603) capture test. Results diseases postoperative period, times lower than healthy individuals. these bind no more 20 cells microorganism. Under effect IgG, networks transform into loose which can hardly pathogen, binding only 8.46 ± 0.44 Spontaneous enzymatic degradation cloud like may be accompanied by production secondary alteration factors. Conclusion results provide grounds for development new approaches elaborating vaccination regimens immunobiologics require preliminary monitoring state innate immunity, particular, patient’s body.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system

Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(1), С. 26 - 35

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Neuroimmune, Cerebrovascular, and Cognitive Disturbances Associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 Infection: A Systematic Review of Post‑Acute Outcomes

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Background SARS-CoV-2, initially identified as a respiratory pathogen, has emerged significant driver of neurological morbidity in the post-acute phase infection. A substantial body evidence now underscores persistent neuroimmune dysregulation, cerebrovascular injury, and cognitive impairment critical contributors to long-term disability among COVID-19 survivors. However, mechanistic interplay between these processes their clinical implications remains incompletely characterized. Objectives This systematic review synthesizes global (1) elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sequelae COVID-19, (2) evaluate prevalence spectrum neuroimmune, cerebrovascular, disturbances, (3) propose actionable strategies for management future research. Methods comprehensive search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library was conducted studies published January 1, 2020, 31, 2025. Included reported on neuroinflammatory biomarkers, events, or dysfunction assessed ≥ 4 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 Two independent reviewers screened records, extracted data, appraised study quality using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. narrative synthesis performed, supported by tabulated summaries descriptive visualizations key findings. Results From 2,178 15 (n = 73,435 participants) met inclusion criteria. Three interrelated pathological domains were identified: Neuroimmune Dysregulation: Persistent elevation pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α), microglial activation, neuronal autoantibodies 42% patients, implicating chronic neuroinflammation. Cerebrovascular Complications: 3.7-fold increased stroke risk microvascular injury (22% prevalence) linked SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, thromboinflammatory pathways. Cognitive Dysfunction: Deficits memory, executive function, processing speed (58% correlated with neuroimaging grey matter atrophy functional connectivity loss. Conclusions Post-acute manifests triad vascular, pathologies, driven synergistic such inflammation. Early detection via multimodal screening neuroimaging, cytokine profiling) multidisciplinary care models are essential mitigate disability. Future research must prioritize standardized diagnostic criteria, elucidating viral neurotropism, trials evaluating therapies targeting stabilization immunomodulation. Addressing priorities will inform evidence-based interventions improve outcomes growing population survivors grappling sequelae.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Neuroimmune, Cerebrovascular, and Cognitive Disturbances Associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 Infection: A Systematic Review of Post‑Acute Outcomes

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Background SARS-CoV-2, initially identified as a respiratory pathogen, has emerged significant driver of neurological morbidity in the post-acute phase infection. A substantial body evidence underscores persistent neuroimmune dysregulation, cerebrovascular injury, and cognitive impairment critical contributors to long-term disability among COVID-19 survivors. However, mechanistic interplay between these processes their clinical implications remains incompletely characterized. Objectives This systematic review meta-analysis aim (1) elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying outcomes COVID-19, (2) evaluate prevalence spectrum neuroimmune, cerebrovascular, disturbances using both qualitative quantitative data, (3) propose strategies for early detection management based on rigorous, evidence-based findings. Methods comprehensive search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library was conducted studies published January 1, 2020, 31, 2025. Included reported neuroinflammatory biomarkers, events, or dysfunction assessed ≥ 4 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 Two independent reviewers screened records, extracted appraised study quality PRISMA 2020 guidelines. narrative synthesis supplemented by key outcomes, with pooled effect estimates calculated random-effects models address heterogeneity. Results From 2,178 10 (n ≈ 77,300) met inclusion criteria. Three interrelated pathological domains were identified: Neuroimmune Dysregulation: Persistent cytokine elevations (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α), microglial activation, neuronal autoantibodies (detected ~ 18% patients) indicate state chronic neuroinflammation. Cerebrovascular Complications: 3.7-fold increased risk stroke, along blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption microvascular role endothelial thromboinflammatory pathways. Cognitive Dysfunction: Deficits memory, executive function, processing speed, up 58% patients, correlated neuroimaging findings grey matter atrophy altered functional connectivity. The yielded standardized mean difference IL-6 elevation 0.78 (95% CI: 0.55–1.01; p < 0.001) odds ratio stroke 3.7 2.1–6.4; 0.001). Moderate-to-high heterogeneity (I² 50% 70%) addressed sensitivity analyses, which confirmed robustness associations. Conclusions Post-acute manifests triad vascular, disturbances, supported analyses. Early identification through multimodal screening including advanced neuroimaging, inflammatory biomarker profiling, validated assessments are essential. Targeted therapeutic focusing stabilization immunomodulation may prove pivotal mitigating disability. Future research should prioritize outcome measures further refine interventional approaches inform policy.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiovascular Sequelae of the COVID-19 Vaccines

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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CircRNAs: Key molecules in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 156, С. 113845 - 113845

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2022

Ischemic stroke is a prevalent disease that seriously threatens human health. It characterized by high morbidity, mortality, disability, and recurrence rates, causing significant economic burden on individuals society. Circular RNA, novel non-coding not only serves as the sponge for microRNAs proteins but also promotes transcription of their parental genes translates into peptides. In recent years, circRNAs have emerged key regulators in ischemic stroke. This article aims to provide new ideas about pathogenesis progression reviewing roles cerebral injury summarizing association between risk factors

Язык: Английский

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