COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 246, С. 154497 - 154497

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Язык: Английский

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‘Spikeopathy’: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 2287 - 2287

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to society. production of ‘safe effective’ vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly, unprecedented high rates adverse events have overshadowed the benefits. This two-part narrative review presents evidence for widespread harms novel product mRNA adenovectorDNA is in attempting provide thorough overview arising from new technology that relied on human cells producing foreign antigen has pathogenicity. first paper explores peer-reviewed data counter attached these technologies. Spike protein pathogenicity, termed ‘spikeopathy’, whether SARS-CoV-2 virus or produced by vaccine gene codes, akin ‘synthetic virus’, increasingly understood terms molecular biology pathophysiology. Pharmacokinetic transfection through body tissues distant injection site lipid-nanoparticles viral-vector carriers means ‘spikeopathy’ can affect organs. inflammatory properties nanoparticles used ferry mRNA; N1-methylpseudouridine employed prolong synthetic function; biodistribution DNA codes translated spike proteins, autoimmunity via contribute harmful effects. reviews autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, potential oncological effects, autopsy spikeopathy. With gene-based therapeutic technologies planned, re-evaluation necessary timely.

Язык: Английский

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Cytokinopathy with aberrant cytotoxic lymphocytes and profibrotic myeloid response in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine–associated myocarditis

Science Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(83)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2023

Rare immune-mediated cardiac tissue inflammation can occur after vaccination, including SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, the underlying immune cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this pathology remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated a cohort of patients who developed myocarditis and/or pericarditis with elevated troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein levels as well imaging abnormalities shortly vaccination. Contrary to early hypotheses, did not demonstrate features hypersensitivity myocarditis, nor they have exaggerated SARS-CoV-2-specific or neutralizing antibody responses consistent hyperimmune humoral mechanism. We additionally found no evidence cardiac-targeted autoantibodies. Instead, unbiased systematic serum profiling revealed elevations in circulating interleukins (IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-15), chemokines (CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL10), matrix metalloproteases (MMP1, MMP8, MMP9, TIMP1). Subsequent deep using single-cell RNA repertoire sequencing peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute disease expansion activated CXCR3

Язык: Английский

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A movable unshielded magnetocardiography system

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(13)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Magnetocardiography (MCG), which uses high-sensitivity magnetometers to record magnetic field signals generated by electrical activity in the heart, is a noninvasive method for evaluating heart diseases such as arrhythmia and ischemia. The MCG measurements usually require participant keeping still magnetically shielded room due immovable sensor noisy external environments. These requirements limit applications, exercise tests long-term observations, are useful early detections of diseases. Here, we introduce movable system that can clearly freely behaving participants an unshielded environment. On basis optically pumped with sensitivity 140 fT/Hz 1/2 , successfully demonstrated resting tests. Our promising realize practical multichannel nearly sets no limits brings another kind insight into medical diagnosis disease.

Язык: Английский

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Autopsy findings in cases of fatal COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced myocarditis

ESC Heart Failure, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2024

Abstract COVID‐19 vaccines have been linked to myocarditis, which, in some circumstances, can be fatal. This systematic review aims investigate potential causal links between and death from myocarditis using post‐mortem analysis. We performed a of all published autopsy reports involving vaccination‐induced through 3 July 2023. All studies that include vaccine‐induced as possible cause were included. Causality each case was assessed by three independent physicians with cardiac pathology experience expertise. initially identified 1691 and, after screening for our inclusion criteria, included 14 papers contained 28 cases. The cardiovascular system the only organ affected 26 In two cases, characterized consequence multisystem inflammatory syndrome. mean age 44.4 years old. median number days last vaccination until 6.2 days, respectively. established deaths most likely causally clinical information presented paper. temporal relationship, internal external consistency seen among cases this known its pathobiological mechanisms, related excess death, complemented confirmation, adjudication, application Bradford Hill criteria overall epidemiology vaccine suggests there is high likelihood link myocarditis.

Язык: Английский

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Myocarditis associated with COVID-19 vaccination

npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Following the start of COVID-19 vaccination campaign, adverse events myocarditis and pericarditis were linked mainly to mRNA vaccines by regulatory authorities worldwide. have been administered several million people risk post has characterised in great detail. At present time research data available are scarce there is still no clear understanding biological mechanism/s responsible for this disease. This manuscript provides a concise overview epidemiology most prominent mechanistic insights pathophysiology Most importantly it underscores needed next steps agenda required characterize disease post-COVID-19 vaccination. Finally, shares our perspectives considerations public health.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 S protein activates NLRP3 inflammasome and deregulates coagulation factors in endothelial and immune cells

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Background Hyperinflammation, hypercoagulation and endothelial injury are major findings in acute post-COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein has been detected as an isolated element human tissues reservoirs is the main product of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. We investigated whether alone triggers pro-inflammatory pro-coagulant responses primary cultures two cell types deeply affected by SARS-CoV-2, such monocytes cells. Methods In umbilical vein cells (HUVEC) monocytes, components NF-κB NLRP3 inflammasome system, well coagulation regulators, were assessed qRT-PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, or indirect immunofluorescence. Results activated NF-κB, promoted cytokines release, triggered priming activation system resulting mature IL-1β formation both types. This was paralleled enhanced production factors von Willebrand factor (vWF), VIII tissue factor, that mediated, at least part, IL-1β. Additionally, failed to enhance ADAMTS-13 levels counteract activity vWF multimers. Monocytes HUVEC barely expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme-2. Pharmacological approaches gene silencing showed TLR4 receptors mediated effects but not HUVEC. Conclusion behaves a stimulus Interfering with signaling pathways evoked may help preventing immune vascular complications driven viral element.

Язык: Английский

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Nuclear Factor-κB is a Prime Candidate for the Diagnosis and Control of Inflammatory Cardiovascular Disease

European Cardiology Review, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2023

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is responsible for the regulation genes involved in inflammation and immune responses. NF-κB may play an important role cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), atherosclerosis diabetes. Several therapeutic agents used treatment CVDs diabetes, such as pimobendan sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting activation; therapy have beneficial pharmacological natural compounds inhibit NF-κB, these alone or combination be to treat various inflammatory diseases. Immunoglobulin-free light chains could surrogate biomarkers activation useful evaluating efficacy agents. This review discusses recent advances our understanding how signalling pathway controls inflammation, metabolism immunity, improved knowledge pathways lead better diagnostics therapeutics human

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and the spike protein in endotheliopathy

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(1), С. 53 - 67

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and mRNA Vaccines

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 451 - 451

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 disease) uses Spike proteins of its envelope infecting target cells expressing on membrane angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that acts as a receptor. To control pandemic, genetically engineered vaccines have been designed inducing neutralizing antibodies against proteins. These do not act like traditional protein-based vaccines, they deliver message in form mRNA or DNA to host then produce and expose protein (from which it can be shed soluble form) alert immune system. Mass vaccination has brought light various adverse effects associated with these based mainly affecting circulatory cardiovascular ACE2 is present membrane-bound several cell types, including mucosa upper gastrointestinal tracts, endothelium, platelets, plasma. converts vasoconstrictor II into peptides vasodilator properties. Here we review pathways immunization molecular mechanisms through protein, either from encoded by mRNA-based interferes Renin-Angiotensin-System governed ACE2, thus altering homeostasis circulation Understanding interactions consequent impact system will direct diagnosis therapy vaccine-related provide information development personalized considers pathophysiological conditions predisposing such events.

Язык: Английский

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