The immune mechanism of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19–related olfactory dysfunction
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023
During
the
first
waves
of
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection,
olfactory
dysfunction
(OD)
was
reported
as
a
frequent
clinical
sign.
The
nasal
epithelium
is
one
front-line
protections
against
viral
infections,
and
immune
responses
mucosa
may
be
associated
with
OD.
Two
mechanisms
underlying
OD
occurrence
in
COVID-19
have
been
proposed:
infection
sustentacular
cells
inflammatory
reaction
epithelium.
former
triggers
latter
likely
prolongs
These
two
alternative
act
parallel;
more
important
for
because
are
to
entry
point
SARS-CoV-2
than
neurons
susceptible
early
injury.
Furthermore,
abundantly
express
transmembrane
protease,
serine
(TMPRSS2)
play
major
role
has
revealed
crucial
roles
cells.
This
review
aims
elucidate
how
contribute
COVID-19–related
Understanding
aid
development
improved
medical
treatments
Язык: Английский
Live imaging of airway epithelium reveals that mucociliary clearance modulates SARS-CoV-2 spread
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2024
SARS-CoV-2
initiates
infection
in
the
conducting
airways,
where
mucociliary
clearance
inhibits
pathogen
penetration.
However,
it
is
unclear
how
impacts
spread
after
established.
To
investigate
viral
at
this
site,
we
perform
live
imaging
of
infected
differentiated
primary
human
bronchial
epithelium
cultures
for
up
to
12
days.
Using
a
fluorescent
reporter
virus
and
markers
cilia
mucus,
longitudinally
monitor
mucus
motion,
ciliary
infection.
Infected
cell
numbers
peak
4
days
post
infection,
forming
characteristic
foci
that
tracked
movement.
Inhibition
MCC
using
physical
genetic
perturbations
limits
foci.
Later
deteriorates.
Increased
secretion
accompanies
motion
defects,
but
vectorial
resume
removal,
suggesting
may
mediate
deterioration.
Our
work
shows
while
can
facilitate
initial
subsequent
decreases
inhibit
spread,
revealing
complex
interplay
between
MCC.
Язык: Английский
Betrayal From the Core: Centriolar and Cytoskeletal Subversion by Infectious Pathogens
Himanshi Amita,
Zidhan Subair,
Tulasiram Mora
и другие.
Cytoskeleton,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Microbes
and
parasites
have
evolved
several
means
to
evade
usurp
the
host
cellular
machinery
mediate
pathogenesis.
Being
major
microtubule-organizing
center
(MTOC)
of
cell,
centrosome
is
targeted
by
multiple
viral
nonviral
pathogens
their
assembly
trafficking
within
cell.
This
review
examines
consequence
such
targeting
associated
cytoskeletal
machinery.
We
also
amassed
a
substantial
body
evidence
viruses
utilizing
cilia
airway
epithelium
infection
hijacking
for
efficient
entry,
replication,
egress.
While
infections
been
demonstrated
induce
structural,
functional,
numerical
aberrations
in
centrosomes,
ciliary
dysfunction,
current
literature
increasingly
supports
notion
pro-viral
role
these
organelles.
Although
less
explored,
impact
bacterial
parasitic
on
structures
has
addressed
very
briefly.
Mechanistically,
molecular
pathways
responsible
effects
remain
largely
uncharacterized
many
instances.
Future
research
focusing
centriolar
triad
comprising
centrosome,
cilia,
satellites
will
undoubtedly
provide
vital
insights
into
tactics
employed
infectious
agents
subvert
centriole
cytoskeleton-based
Язык: Английский
Spatial transcriptomics of the epipharynx in long COVID identifies SARS-CoV-2 signalling pathways and the therapeutic potential of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Март 12, 2025
Abstract
In
this
study,
the
critical
role
of
epipharynx
in
managing
long-term
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
and
particular,
how
residual
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
affects
signalling
pathways
were
investigated
via
spatial
gene
expression
analysis
(Visium
HD).
Moreover,
we
hypothesize
that
epipharyngeal
abrasive
therapy
(EAT)
targeting
could
improve
long
COVID
symptoms
by
modulating
local
inflammation
expression.
We
conducted
a
comparative
profiles
three
patients
with
two
control
individuals
without
COVID-19.
Residual
was
detected
COVID,
along
activation
epithelial
immune
cells.
After
EAT,
viral
either
completely
cleared
or
significantly
reduced.
T-cell
receptor
suppressed;
levels
proinflammatory
cytokines,
such
as
interleukin-6
tumour
necrosis
factor-α,
reduced;
excessive
antibody
production
mitigated.
Histology
showed
EAT
effectively
eliminated
inflamed,
dysfunctional
ciliated
epithelium.
This
study
clarifies
has
effects
on
response
epipharynx,
emphasizing
need
to
focus
chronic
epipharyngitis
potential
cause
COVID.
Furthermore,
may
offer
promising
approach
alleviating
persistent
symptoms.
Язык: Английский
Optical Imaging of Cilia in the Head and Neck
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(6), С. 2059 - 2059
Опубликована: Март 18, 2025
Background/Objectives:
Cilia
are
hair-like
organelles
with
various
mechanosensory
and
chemosensory
functions.
In
particular,
motile
cilia
generate
directional
fluid
flow
important
for
multiple
processes.
Motile
ciliopathies
have
serious
clinical
implications,
including
developmental
respiratory
disorders.
Evaluating
the
most
suitable
imaging
methods
studying
ciliary
structure
function
has
great
significance.
Methods:
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
of
function,
modalities,
applications
in
ciliopathic
diseases.
Results:
Optical
become
a
crucial
tool
providing
high-resolution,
non-invasive
capabilities
that
valuable
vivo
applications.
coherence
tomography
(OCT)
is
well
suited
visualization
anatomy
quantitative
studies
microfluidic
flow.
Conclusions:
A
deeper
understanding
biology
can
lead
to
novel
approaches
diagnosing,
treating,
monitoring
ciliopathies,
contributing
more
effective
individualized
care.
Язык: Английский
DNA methylation changes during acute COVID-19 are associated with long-term transcriptional dysregulation in patients’ airway epithelial cells
EMBO Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 21, 2025
Abstract
Molecular
changes
underlying
the
persistent
health
effects
after
SARS-CoV-2
infection
remain
poorly
understood.
To
discern
gene
regulatory
landscape
in
upper
respiratory
tract
of
COVID-19
patients,
we
performed
enzymatic
DNA
methylome
and
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
nasal
cells
patients
(
n
=
19,
scRNA-seq
14)
controls
14,
10).
In
addition,
resampled
a
subset
these
for
transcriptome
analyses
at
3
7)
12
months
5)
post
followed
expression
differentially
regulated
genes
over
time.
Genome-wide
methylation
analysis
revealed
3112
methylated
regions
between
controls.
Hypomethylated
affected
immune
genes,
while
hypermethylated
were
associated
with
governing
ciliary
function.
These
not
only
downregulated
acute
phase
disease
but
sustained
repressed
up
to
ciliated
cells.
Validation
an
independent
cohort
collected
6
15)
indicated
symptom-dependent
transcriptional
repression
genes.
We
therefore
propose
that
hypermethylation
observed
may
exert
long-term
effect
on
expression,
possibly
contributing
post-acute
sequelae.
Язык: Английский
Longitudinal improvements in clinical and functional outcomes following initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(8), С. e29188 - e29188
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Use
of
elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
(ETI)
for
treatment
cystic
fibrosis
(CF)
has
resulted
in
unprecedented
clinical
improvements
necessitating
development
outcome
measures
monitoring
disease
course.
Intranasal
micro-optical
coherence
tomography
(μOCT)
previously
helped
detect
and
characterize
mucociliary
abnormalities
patients
with
CF.
This
study
was
done
to
determine
if
μOCT
can
define
the
effects
ETI
on
nasal
clearance
monitor
changes
conferred
understand
mechanistic
CFTR
modulators
beyond
activation.
Язык: Английский
Dynamic micro-optical coherence tomography enables structural and metabolic imaging of the mammalian cochlea
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2024
Sensorineural
hearing
loss
(SNHL)
is
caused
by
damage
to
the
mechanosensory
hair
cells
and
auditory
neurons
of
cochlea.
The
development
imaging
tools
that
can
directly
visualize
or
provide
functional
information
about
a
patient’s
cochlear
critical
identify
pathobiological
defect
determine
cells’
receptiveness
emerging
SNHL
treatments.
However,
cochlea’s
small
size,
embedded
location
within
dense
bone,
sensitivity
perturbation
have
historically
precluded
high-resolution
clinical
imaging.
Previously,
we
developed
micro-optical
coherence
tomography
(μOCT)
as
platform
for
otologic
in
animal
models
human
cochleae.
Here
report
on
advancing
μOCT
technology
obtain
simultaneously
acquired
co-localized
images
cell
viability/metabolic
activity
through
dynamic
(DμOCT)
intracellular
motion.
DμOCT
obtains
cross-sectional
ATP-dependent
movement
organelles
cytoskeletal
polymerization
acquiring
sequential
computing
intensity
fluctuation
frequency
metrics
pixel-wise
basis.
Using
customized
benchtop
system,
demonstrate
detailed
resolution
anatomical
metabolic
features
organ
Corti,
via
an
apical
cochleostomy,
freshly-excised
adult
mouse
Further,
show
capable
capturing
rapid
changes
metabolism
following
ototoxic
insult
induce
death
actin
stabilization.
Notably,
few
6
frames
be
used
reconstruct
with
sufficient
detail
discern
individual
their
state.
Taken
together,
these
results
motivate
future
probe
cellular
diagnosis
humans.
Язык: Английский
Host–microbe interactions in the nasal cavity of dogs with chronic idiopathic rhinitis
Frontiers in Veterinary Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024
Chronic
rhinitis
(CR)
is
a
frustrating
clinical
syndrome
in
dogs
and
our
understanding
of
the
disease
pathogenesis
limited.
Increasingly,
host–microbe
interactions
are
considered
key
drives
sites
persistent
mucosal
inflammation
such
as
nasal
oral
cavities.
Therefore,
we
applied
next
generation
sequencing
tools
to
interrogate
abnormalities
present
nose
with
CR
compared
immune
microbiome
profiles
those
healthy
dogs.
Host
cell
transcriptomes
were
evaluated
by
RNA
sequencing,
while
microbial
communities
assessed
16S
rRNA
sequencing.
Correlation
analysis
was
then
used
identify
significant
between
how
these
altered
animals
CR.
Notably,
observed
downregulation
multiple
genes
associated
ciliary
function
CR,
suggesting
previously
undetected
role
for
dysfunction
this
syndrome.
We
also
found
upregulation
related
TNF-α
interferon
pathways.
The
significantly
dogs,
overrepresentation
several
potential
pathobionts.
Interactome
revealed
correlations
bacteria
genus
Porphyromonas
upregulated
host
inflammatory
responses
well
defective
which
correlated
Streptococcus
abundance.
These
findings
provide
new
insights
into
canine
model
indicate
presence
potentially
causal
relationships
pathobionts
development
dysfunction.
Язык: Английский