Guidelines for Studying Diverse Types of Compound Weather and Climate Events

Earth s Future, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(11)

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2021

Abstract Compound weather and climate events are combinations of drivers and/or hazards that contribute to societal or environmental risk. Studying compound often requires a multidisciplinary approach combining domain knowledge the underlying processes with, for example, statistical methods model outputs. Recently, aid development research on events, four event types were introduced, namely (a) preconditioned , (b) multivariate (c) temporally compounding (d) spatially events. However, guidelines how study these still lacking. Here, we consider case studies, each associated with specific type question, illustrate key elements (e.g., analytical tools relevant physical effects) can be identified. These studies show impacts crops from hot dry summers exacerbated by preconditioning effects bright springs. Assessing coastal flooding in Perth (Australia) considering dynamics non‐stationary process. For instance, future mean sea‐level rise will lead emergence concurrent fluvial extremes, enhancing In Portugal, deep‐landslides caused temporal clusters moderate precipitation Finally, crop yield failures France Germany strongly correlated, threatening European food security through effects. analyses allow identifying general recommendations studying Overall, our insights serve as blueprint analysis across disciplines sectors.

Язык: Английский

---

Compound droughts and hot extremes: Characteristics, drivers, changes, and impacts

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 235, С. 104241 - 104241

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Advancing research on compound weather and climate events via large ensemble model simulations

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2023

Societally relevant weather impacts typically result from compound events, which are rare combinations of and climate drivers. Focussing on four event types arising different variables across space time, here we illustrate that robust analyses events - such as frequency uncertainty analysis under present-day future conditions, attribution to change, exploration low-probability-high-impact require data with very large sample size. In particular, the required is much larger than needed for univariate extremes. We demonstrate Single Model Initial-condition Large Ensemble (SMILE) simulations multiple models, provide hundreds thousands years crucial advancing our assessments constructing model projections. Combining SMILEs an improved physical understanding will ultimately practitioners stakeholders best available information risks.

Язык: Английский

---

Adaptation to compound climate risks: A systematic global stocktake

iScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(2), С. 105926 - 105926

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

This article provides a stocktake of the adaptation literature between 2013 and 2019 to better understand how responses affect risk under particularly challenging conditions compound climate events. Across 39 countries, 45 response types hazards display anticipatory (9%), reactive (33%), maladaptive (41%) characteristics, as well hard (18%) soft (68%) limits adaptation. Low income, food insecurity, access institutional resources finance are most prominent 23 vulnerabilities observed negatively responses. Risk for security, health, livelihoods, economic outputs commonly associated risks driving Narrow geographical sectoral foci highlight important conceptual, sectoral, geographic areas future research way shape risk. When integrated within assessment management, there is greater potential advance urgency safeguards vulnerable.

Язык: Английский

---

A comprehensive review on the recycling technology of silicon based photovoltaic solar panels: Challenges and future outlook

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 448, С. 141661 - 141661

Опубликована: Март 8, 2024

With the aim of realizing goals Paris Agreement, annual solar power generation on a global scale using silicon PV panels had exceeded 1000 TWh by end 2021. Mass installation silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) exhibited socioenvironmental threat to biosphere, i.e., electronic waste (e-waste) from that is projected reach 78 million tonnes year 2050. Recycling through e-waste management crucial step in minimizing environmental impact end-of-life systems such as release heavy metals into environment. An increasing amount academic research recycling approaches suggests different technology and policy challenges remain. The present review critically evaluates range solutions, encompassing both lab-scale pilot-scale research, conducts analyses their cost implications. A detailed discussion policies adopted governments worldwide handle has also been provided. In this article, complete process systematically summarized two main sections: disassembly delamination treatment for panels, involving physical, thermal, chemical treatment, retrieval valuable (silicon, silver, copper, tin, etc.). Furthermore, technical, non-technical prospects are identified guide future exploration innovation. pursuit sustainable convenience, cost-effectiveness, social desirability should come together develop innovative technologies with high recovery rate metals.

Язык: Английский

---

Origin, importance, and predictive limits of internal climate variability

Environmental Research Climate, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(2), С. 023001 - 023001

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2023

Abstract Adaptation to climate change has now become a necessity for many regions. Yet, adaptation planning at regional scales over the next few decades is challenging given contingencies originating from combination of different sources projection uncertainty, chief among them internal variability. Here, we review causes and consequences variability, how it can be quantified accounted in uncertainty assessments, what research questions remain most pertinent better understand its predictive limits science society. This perspective argues putting variability into spotlight intensifying collaborations between modeling application communities.

Язык: Английский

---

Compound events and associated impacts in China

iScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(8), С. 104689 - 104689

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022

Owing to amplified impacts on human society and ecosystems, compound events (or extremes) have attracted ample attention in recent decades. China is particularly vulnerable due the fast warming rate, dense populations, fragile ecological environment. Recent studies demonstrated tangible effects of climate change with mounting economy, agriculture, public health, infrastructure China, posing unprecedented threats that are increasingly difficult manage. Here, I synthesize progress associated China. Several lines evidence indicate an increase frequency intensity multiple types across Future directions studying suggested, including investigating extremes from a perspective, modeling Anthropocene, quantitative evaluations risks, holistic adaptation measures events.

Язык: Английский

---

Consideration of compound drivers and impacts in the disaster risk reduction cycle

iScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(3), С. 106030 - 106030

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

Consideration of compound drivers and impacts are often missing from applications within the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) cycle, leading to poorer understanding risk benefits actions. The need include considerations is known, but lack guidance prohibiting practitioners including these considerations. This article makes a step toward practitioner by providing examples where consideration drivers, hazards, may affect different application domains disaster management. We discern five DRR categories provide illustrative studies that highlight role "compound thinking" in early warning, emergency response, infrastructure management, long-term planning, capacity building. conclude with number common elements contribute development practical guidelines develop appropriate for

Язык: Английский

---

Attribution of Extreme Events to Climate Change

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 48(1), С. 813 - 828

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2023

Within the past decade, attribution of extreme weather events and their impacts has enabled scientists, public, policymakers alike to connect real-world experiences with scientific understanding anthropogenic climate change. Attribution studies recent have formed a new important line evidence in most Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report present-day IPCC using different methods event been assessed together, highlighting that these differences are smaller than academic discourse suggests. This development raised two research questions science needs answer: First, how do we formally combine statements highly conditional probabilistic assessments change alters likelihood intensity events? Second, under what circumstances individual still necessary extent existing provide enough information answer societal questions? Furthermore, leaves gaps, particularly countries Global South, leading ethical around need requirement policy contexts, informing adaptation loss damage role vulnerability.

Язык: Английский

---

Anthropogenic impact on the severity of compound extreme high temperature and drought/rain events in China

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023

Abstract Compared with individual extreme events, compound events have more severe impacts on humans and the natural environment. This study explores change in severity of high temperature drought/rain (CHTDE/CHTRE) associated influencing factors. The CHTDE CHTRE intensified most areas China summer (June–July August) during 1961–2014. Under global warming, increased water-holding capacity atmosphere decreased relative humidity led to an increase CHTDE. is because enhanced transient water vapor convergence convective motion. Anthropogenic climate change, especially greenhouse gas forcing, which contributes 90% linear CHTRE, identified as dominant factor affecting China. In addition, historical forcing (hist-NAT) may be related interannual-to-decadal variability CHTDE/CHTRE.

Язык: Английский

---