Neurobiology and systems biology of stress resilience

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 104(3), С. 1205 - 1263

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Stress resilience is the phenomenon that some people maintain their mental health despite exposure to adversity or show only temporary impairments followed by quick recovery. Resilience research attempts unravel factors and mechanisms make possible harness its insights for development of preventative interventions in individuals at risk acquiring stress-related dysfunctions. Biological has been lagging behind psychological social sciences but seen a massive surge recent years. At same time, progress this field hampered methodological challenges related finding suitable operationalizations study designs, replicating findings, modeling animals. We embed review behavioral, neuroimaging, neurobiological, systems biological findings adults critical methods discussion. find preliminary evidence hippocampus-based pattern separation prefrontal-based cognitive control functions protect against pathological fears aftermath singular, event-type stressors [as found fear-related disorders, including simpler forms posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] facilitating perception safety. Reward system-based pursuit savoring positive reinforcers appear more generalized dysfunctions anxious-depressive spectrum resulting from severe longer-lasting (as depression, comorbid anxiety, PTSD). Links between preserved functioning these neural under neuroplasticity, immunoregulation, gut microbiome composition, integrity barrier blood-brain are beginning emerge. On basis, avenues pointed out.

Язык: Английский

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Post‐traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1), С. 52 - 80

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

The understanding of responses to traumatic events has been greatly influenced by the introduction diagnosis post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper we review initial versions diagnostic criteria for condition and associated epidemiological findings, including sociocultural differences. We consider evidence reactions occurring in multiple contexts not previously defined as traumatic, implications that these observations have diagnosis. More recent developments such DSM‐5 dissociative subtype ICD‐11 complex PTSD are reviewed, adding there several distinct phenotypes. describe psychological foundations PTSD, involving disturbances memory well identity. A broader focus on identity may be able accommodate group communal influences experience trauma impact resource loss. then summarize current concerning biological with a particular genetic neuroimaging studies. Whereas progress prevention disappointing, is now an extensive supporting efficacy variety treatments established trauma‐focused interventions – cognitive behavior therapy (TF‐CBT) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) non‐trauma‐focused therapies, which also include some emerging identity‐based approaches present‐centered compassion‐focused therapies. Additionally, promising neither nor pharmacological, or combine pharmacological approach, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐assisted psychotherapy. advances priority areas adapting resource‐limited settings across cultural contexts, community‐based approaches. conclude identifying future directions work mental health.

Язык: Английский

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Laboratory models of post-traumatic stress disorder: The elusive bridge to translation

Neuron, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(11), С. 1754 - 1776

Опубликована: Март 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Adverse Life Experiences and Brain Function

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(11), С. e2340018 - e2340018

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Importance Adverse life experiences have been proposed to contribute diverse mental health problems through an association with corticolimbic functioning. Despite compelling evidence from animal models, findings studies in humans mixed; activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses failed identify a consistent of adverse events brain function. Objective To investigate the adversity exposure altered reactivity using multilevel kernel density analyses (MKDA), meta-analytic approach considered more robust than ALE small sample sizes and methodological differences between studies. Data Sources Searches were conducted PsycInfo, Medline, EMBASE, Web Science inception May 4, 2022. The following search term combinations used for each database: trauma , posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), abuse maltreatment poverty or ; functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI ) neuroimaging; emotion regulation memory processing inhibitory control executive functioning reward . Study Selection Task-based within 4 domains (emotion processing, control, processing) that included measure whole-brain coordinate results reported Talairach Montreal Neurological Institute space included. Conference abstracts, books, reviews, meta-analyses, opinions, studies, articles not English, fewer 5 participants excluded. Extraction Synthesis Using Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses reporting guideline, 2 independent reviewers assessed abstracts full-text entry criteria. A third reviewer resolved conflicts errors data extraction. pooled random-effects model analysis occurred August November Main Outcomes Measures Peak x-axis (left-right), y-axis (posterior-anterior), z-axis (inferior-superior) coordinates extracted all submitted MKDA meta-analyses. Results total 83 meta-analysis, yielding combined 5242 801 coordinates. Adversity was associated higher amygdala (familywise error rate corrected at P < .001; = 22; −4; −17) lower prefrontal cortical 10; 60; 10) across range task domains. These responses only observed adult clearest among those who had exposed severe threat trauma. Conclusions Relevance In this meta-analysis function, prior challenges. might better how diminishes ability cope later stressors produces enduring susceptibility problems.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroimaging of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults and youth: progress over the last decade on three leading questions of the field

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(10), С. 3223 - 3244

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Almost three decades have passed since the first posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) neuroimaging study was published. Since then, field of clinical neuroscience has made advancements in understanding neural correlates PTSD to create more efficacious treatment strategies. While gold-standard psychotherapy options are available, many patients do not respond them, prematurely drop out, or never initiate treatment. Therefore, elucidating neurobiological mechanisms that define can help guide clinician decision-making and develop individualized mechanisms-based options. To this end, narrative review highlights progress last decade adult youth samples on outstanding questions research: (1) Which alterations serve as predisposing (pre-exposure) risk factors for development, which acquired (post-exposure) alterations? (2) predict outcomes improvement? (3) Can measures be used brain-based biotypes PTSD? studies highlighted answering questions, still much before implementing these findings into practice. Overall, better answer we suggest future should (A) utilize prospective longitudinal designs, collecting brain experiencing trauma at multiple follow-up time points post-trauma, taking advantage multi-site collaborations/consortiums; (B) collect two scans explore changes from pre-to-post compare activation between groups, including follow up assessments; (C) replicate PTSD. By synthesizing recent findings, will pave way personalized approaches grounded evidence.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of trauma and how to intervene: a narrative review of psychotraumatology over the past 15 years

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

To mark 15 years of the European Journal Psychotraumatology, editors reviewed past 15-year research on trauma exposure and its consequences, as well developments in (early) psychological, pharmacological complementary interventions. In all sections this paper, we provide perspectives sex/gender aspects, life course trends, cross-cultural/global systemic societal contexts. Globally, majority people experience stressful events that may be characterized traumatic. However, definitions what is traumatic are not necessarily straightforward or universal. Traumatic have a wide range transdiagnostic mental physical health limited to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research genetic, molecular, neurobiological influences show promise for further understanding underlying risk resilience trauma-related consequences. Symptom presentation, prevalence, course, response experiences, differ depending individuals' age developmental phase, sex/gender, sociocultural environmental contexts, socio-political forces. Early interventions potential prevent acute reactions from escalating PTSD diagnosis whether delivered golden hours weeks after trauma. prevention still scarce compared treatment where several evidence-based complementary/ integrative exist, novel forms delivery become available. Here, focus how best address negative outcomes following trauma, serve individuals across spectrum, including very young old, include considerations ethnicity, culture diverse beyond Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD) countries. We conclude with providing directions future aimed at improving well-being impacted by around world. The EJPT webinar provides 90-minute summary paper can downloaded here [http://bit.ly/4jdtx6k].

Язык: Английский

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Structural inequities contribute to racial/ethnic differences in neurophysiological tone, but not threat reactivity, after trauma exposure

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(7), С. 2975 - 2984

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Considerable racial/ethnic disparities persist in exposure to life stressors and socioeconomic resources that can directly affect threat neurocircuitry, particularly the amygdala, partially mediates susceptibility adverse posttraumatic outcomes. Limited work date, however, has investigated potential variability amygdala reactivity or connectivity may turn be related outcomes such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants from AURORA study (n = 283), a multisite longitudinal of trauma outcomes, completed functional magnetic resonance imaging psychophysiology within approximately two-weeks exposure. Seed-based during passive viewing fearful neutral faces were assessed fMRI. Physiological activity was Pavlovian conditioning. also reported severity symptoms 3 6 months after trauma. Black individuals showed lower baseline skin conductance levels startle compared White individuals, but no differences observed physiological reactions threat. Further, Hispanic participants greater regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, insula, cerebellum participants. No Amygdala associated with 3-month PTSD symptoms, associations differed by group partly driven structural inequities. The present findings suggest tonic neurophysiological arousal early aftermath between groups, inequality, impacts neural processes mediate later symptoms.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the Evidence for Brain-Based Biotypes of Psychiatric Vulnerability in the Acute Aftermath of Trauma

American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 180(2), С. 146 - 154

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Objective: The weak link between subjective symptom-based diagnostic methods for posttraumatic psychopathology and objectively measured neurobiological indices forms a barrier to the development of effective personalized treatments. To overcome this problem, recent studies have aimed stratify psychiatric disorders by identifying consistent subgroups based on objective neural markers. Along these lines, promising 2021 study Stevens et al. identified distinct brain-based biotypes associated with different longitudinal patterns symptoms. Here, authors conducted conceptual nonexact replication that using comparable data set from multimodal trauma survivors. Methods: A total 130 participants (mean age, 33.61 years, SD=11.21; 48% women) admitted general hospital emergency department following exposure underwent demographic, clinical, neuroimaging assessments 1, 6, 14 months after trauma. All analyses followed pipeline outlined in original were collaboration its authors. Results: Task-based functional MRI 1 month posttrauma was used identify four clusters individuals profiles activity reflecting threat reward reactivity. These not identical previously prospective symptoms psychopathology. Conclusions: Overall, findings suggest resilience may generalize other populations. Thus, caution is warranted when attempting define subtypes vulnerability before treatment implications can be fully realized. Additional are needed more stable generalizable neuroimaging-based

Язык: Английский

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Structural covariance of the ventral visual stream predicts posttraumatic intrusion and nightmare symptoms: a multivariate data fusion analysis

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2022

Abstract Visual components of trauma memories are often vividly re-experienced by survivors with deleterious consequences for normal function. Neuroimaging research on has primarily focused threat-processing circuitry as core to trauma-related dysfunction. Conversely, limited attention been given visual which may be particularly relevant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prior work suggests that the ventral stream is directly related cognitive and affective disturbances observed in PTSD predictive later symptom expression. The present study used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data ( n = 278) collected two weeks after exposure from AURORA study, a longitudinal, multisite investigation adverse neuropsychiatric sequelae. Indices gray white matter were combined using fusion identify structural covariance network (SCN) 2 trauma. Participant’s loadings SCN positively associated both intrusion symptoms intensity nightmares. Further, moderated connectivity between previously amygdala-hippocampal functional inferior temporal gyrus. Follow-up MRI at 6 months showed an inverse relationship negative alterations cognition mood. individuals who decreased strength had generally higher severity over time. findings highlight role integrity development PTSD. important consolidation or retrieval contribute efficient reactivation memory, thereby exacerbating symptoms. Potentially chronic engagement lead reduced becomes risk factor lasting

Язык: Английский

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Defining the r factor for post-trauma resilience and its neural predictors

Nature Mental Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(6), С. 680 - 693

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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