Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms, Symptoms, and Long-Term Impact on Health—A Comprehensive Review
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 378 - 378
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Long
COVID,
also
known
as
post-acute
sequelae
of
SARS-CoV-2
infection
(PASC),
is
increasingly
recognized
a
condition
affecting
not
only
adults
but
children
and
adolescents.
While
often
experience
milder
acute
COVID-19
symptoms
compared
to
adults,
some
develop
persistent
physical,
psychological,
neurological
lasting
for
weeks
or
months
after
initial
infection.
The
most
commonly
reported
include
debilitating
fatigue,
respiratory
issues,
headaches,
muscle
pain,
gastrointestinal
disturbances,
cognitive
difficulties,
which
significantly
impact
daily
activities,
schooling,
social
interactions.
Additionally,
many
with
long
COVID
psychological
symptoms,
such
anxiety,
depression,
mood
swings,
irritability,
likely
exacerbated
by
prolonged
illness
lifestyle
disruptions.
Risk
factors
in
pre-existing
health
conditions
asthma,
obesity,
disorders,
adolescents
females
seemingly
more
affected.
Hypothesized
mechanisms
underlying
chronic
immune
dysregulation,
viral
particles
stimulating
inflammation,
autonomic
nervous
system
dysfunction,
mitochondrial
impairment,
may
collectively
contribute
the
variety
observed
symptoms.
Long-term
outcomes
remain
uncertain;
however,
can
lead
school
absenteeism,
withdrawal,
distress,
potentially
development.
Severe
cases
postural
orthostatic
tachycardia
syndrome
(POTS)
reduced
exercise
tolerance.
This
review
synthesizes
existing
literature
on
children,
examining
its
prevalence,
symptomatology,
risk
factors,
potential
mechanisms,
an
emphasis
need
further
clinical
studies.
research
largely
relies
surveys
self-reported
data,
assessments
are
essential
accurately
characterize
pediatric
populations
guide
effective
management
strategies.
Язык: Английский
Association Between COVID-19 and Orthostatic Intolerance in Children: A Retrospective Study
Cureus,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2024
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2
infection
(COVID-19)
and
the
COVID-19
vaccine
have
been
linked
to
development
of
persistent
symptoms,
including
orthostatic
intolerance
(OI)
postural
tachycardia
syndrome
(POTS),
in
both
children
adults.
POTS
is
characterized
by
excessive
other
symptoms
upon
standing,
significantly
impacting
quality
life.
This
study
aims
evaluate
clinical
laboratory
findings
pediatric
patients
with
post-COVID-19
or
OI
POTS.
Methods
retrospective
chart
review
included
under
18
years
age
chronic
dizziness
syncope
following
vaccination.
Autonomic
studies,
tilt
table
test,
Valsalva
maneuver,
deep
breathing
Quantitative
Sudomotor
Axon
Reflex
Test
(QSART),
were
conducted
assess
autonomic
function.
Data
on
testing
results,
sweat
production
collected
analyzed.
Results
In
total,
16
(mean
15
±
3
years)
study,
14
developing
two
post-vaccination.
Ten
(62.5%)
met
criteria
for
POTS,
an
average
delta
heart
rate
49
bpm
testing.
Seven
(43.75%)
showed
abnormal
results
50%
(four
patients)
those
who
underwent
QSART
demonstrated
small
fiber
neuropathy.
The
mean
standing
norepinephrine
level
was
520
picograms
per
milliliter
(pg/mL),
some
showing
markedly
elevated
levels.
Conclusion
highlights
growing
incidence
forms
vaccination,
supporting
link
between
dysfunction
children.
Our
contribute
body
literature
Long-COVID
emphasize
need
greater
awareness,
as
well
further
research
into
its
long-term
effects.
Язык: Английский