Modified pistachio shell waste: Structure, chemical interaction, and viscoelastic performance in biopolymer composites‐based starch

Polymer Composites, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Abstract This work was focused on the changes in structural features of pistachio shell (PS) waste upon alkaline and ultrasound treatment their potential as sustainable reinforcement fillers starch‐based films (SF). Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed etching, thinning, cavities surface PS after alkaline/ultrasound treatment, which allowed NaOH species to act internally microstructure PS, promoting alteration functional groups CO CO hemicellulose lignin molecules, well an increment crystallinity index from 31.41% 46.91%. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy used identify oxidation mechanism modified added a starch matrix. The atomic ratio hydroxyl decreased, leading increase stronger OCO (from 5.98–17.91%) OC bonds 15% 27.49%) interactions. Thermogravimetric confirmed interaction between increased storage modulus 198 MPa up 721 MPa, thereby increasing rigidity. compatibility enhancement may interest packaging industry those looking develop scalable process. Highlights Alkali/ultrasound determined modification degree. treatments disturbed hydrogen lignocellulosic components. Pistache shells reduced COH glycerol. fibers interact strongly with by bonds. improved rigidity films.

Язык: Английский

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Fabrication and multi-aspect characterization of polymer composite reinforced with differently stacked flax-fiber and steel-wire meshes

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

This study focuses on developing a new type of multi-fiber reinforced multi-layer polymer composite using natural and metal fibers. Flax fiber has shown potential as fairly good reinforcement, but its mechanical weaknesses have led researchers to explore hybridization in composites for better performance. The paper reports the fabrication characterization unique kind hybrid that uses advantages stainless steel along with flax fiber, resulting lightweight material suitable engineering uses. In this research, SS-304 wire mesh is used fibers make three different composites, varying stacking arrangements. Experimental results indicate that, although inclusion slightly reduces interlaminar shear strength, significant improvements are observed tensile flexural hardness impact resistance. Stereo-microscopy utilized analyze surface features sequences, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals fracture surfaces specimens. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping helps identify elemental compositions present composites. demonstrates reinforcement can enhance properties flax-reinforced providing sustainable solution applications.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing sustainable materials: characterization of pistachio shell and talc filled polyester composites

Colloid & Polymer Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Sustainable hybrid composites from flax, vetiver, and Luffa cylindrica: Acoustic and structural performance

Polymer Composites, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Abstract Sustainable, eco‐friendly composites have always been of great interest due to increasing environmental awareness. In this regard, there is a continuous demand for alternative sustainable materials with enhanced performance. This study focuses on the development hybrid using flax fibers, vetiver root and Luffa cylindrica fillers. Composites were fabricated varied fiber loading ratios evaluated tensile, flexural, impact, interlaminar shear strengths, sound absorption capabilities. Pure (FV) exhibited highest tensile strength (40.2 MPa), whereas containing two layers 51 g (FVL3) achieved best acoustic absorption, attenuating up 65% incident sound. Morphological analysis via SEM revealed that optimized fiber–matrix bonding well‐distributed porous network in FVL3 contributed its superior absorption. Although vetiver‐rich showed improved impact behavior, excessive content led diminished properties lower cellulose levels reduced adhesion. The results confirm balancing inclusions can tailor mechanical Consequently, recommended noise mitigation applications, such as wall panels, where moderate high are essential. Meanwhile, pure flax‐based laminates be prioritized load‐bearing scenarios requiring higher strength. Therefore, findings underscore potential flax–vetiver–luffa (FVL) hybrids alternatives structural noise‐control offering route environmentally responsible composite design without sacrificing Highlights Eco‐friendly developed flax, vetiver, luffa. Alkali treatment improves fiber‐matrix Flax achieve 40.2 MPa. absorbs 59% sound, ideal applications. biodegradable reduce effectively.

Язык: Английский

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A comparison of fabrication routes and property evaluation methods for bio‐particulate filled glass‐epoxy composites

Polymer Composites, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 45(15), С. 14302 - 14317

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024

Abstract This research work aims to investigate the effect of fabrication techniques on physico‐mechanical properties pistachio shell (PS) filled glass‐epoxy composites and compare experimental findings with numerical simulation results using finite element analysis (FEM). These hybrid are fabricated by vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) hand layup (HL) fixed glass fiber fraction (20 wt. %) but different PS powder loadings 0–30 %. The then characterized for physical, compositional, micro‐structural mechanical properties. filler is performed electron microscopy stereo‐microscopy. To identify phases present in both raw composite, an x‐ray diffraction test performed. presence functional groups identified help Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It observed that there a reasonable improvement increase content, irrespective process used. density void also greatly affected amount particles composite technique. FEM carried out ANSYS 22.0 workbench determine characteristic numerically. comparison yields obtained VARTM close ones errors lying range 1%–4%. can possibly find potential applications light duty structures wear resistant applications. Highlights Development HL techniques. Physical alter loading. Evaluation analysis. Validating model comparing results.

Язык: Английский

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An investigation on the mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of newly developed polyester composites made with Pistachio shell particles for industrial applications

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L Journal of Materials Design and Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2024

The drive for sustainability and addressing environmental concerns has led to the productive use of bio-waste. This research investigates potential pistachio (Pistacia vera) nut shell particles as a novel filler in polyester composites. study explores these shells reinforcing material polyester-based composites evaluate their mechanical thermal properties. Pistachio (PSP) are mixed with resin varying weight fractions (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%) create new type composite. impact content, impingement angle striking velocity on erosive wear behavior also studied. results revealed that incorporating PSP resulted maximum rise tensile (96.61%), strength (66.66%), micro-hardness (52.94%), under loading 5 wt% filler. However, composite 3 filler, flexural (135.65%) modulus (45.28%). Results showed that, exhibited superior resistance. An optimal parameter setting is determined minimum erosion rate subsequently validated by conducting confirmation experiment per Taguchi methodology. Different modes removal, craters other qualitative attributes examined scanning electron microscopy during samples. Thus, utilization agro/food wastes development bio-based products holds significant offers possibility replacing conventional materials various industrial applications.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of fish-scale powder addition and stacking order on mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid kenaf/glass polyester composites

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L Journal of Materials Design and Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2024

The increasing concern for the environment has driven a surge in popularity of utilizing modern technology to develop new products from renewable resources. To address this, polymer composites are incorporating various bio-waste materials as filler components. This study focuses on fabricating four-layered hybrid polyester laminates using kenaf (K), glass (G), and reinforced with fish scale (FS) powder at concentrations ranging 5 wt.% 15 wt.%. Mechanical properties assessed following ASTM standards evaluate optimal FS percentage. results reflect that KGKG laminate wt. % exhibits utmost tensile strength hardness, while same 10 shows flexural impact properties. Further, numerical analysis is performed ANSYS 19.0 software validate experimental findings. It marked that, align intimately data, deviation 10%. Additionally, moisture absorption behavior investigated, revealing reduced uptake enhanced dimensional stability. extended investigate thermal attributes through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Dynamic (DMA). fractured surface morphology studied Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) findings reveal significant occurrences matrix cracking, fiber withdrawal, separation fibers matrix. Overall, this suggests incorporation bio-fillers into hybridized kenaf/glass order improve performance create environmentally friendly options suitable automotive applications.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of layering variation with addition of bio-fillers on mechanical and thermal performances of hybrid polyester composites

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024

The extensive application of composites reinforced with synthetic or natural fibers and bio-fillers represents a recent advanced trend in research. This research seeks to assess the optimal ratio wood dust (WD) fish scale powder (FSP) for forming hybrid filler mix reinforce Palmyra Palm leaf stalk (P)/Glass (G) polyester laminate, aiming improve its mechanical thermal properties. ideal is identified by evaluating properties various weight fraction combinations WD FSP polyester. test results showed that hybridization 5 wt.% 10 FSP. Hybrid laminates are then produced combining equal layers glass palm fiber different stacking configurations, incorporating an mixture fillers. experimental findings revealed that, inclusion blend improvements properties, 51.93% increase tensile strength, 36.27% boost flexural 20.48% rise impact resistance, 10.08% enhancement micro-hardness. Additionally, laminate GPPG order shows highest compared other sequences. To further examine degradation failure mechanisms, Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) fractography study using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) conducted.

Язык: Английский

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