Immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 induced by infection or vaccination

Journal of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 291(1), С. 32 - 50

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2021

Abstract Adaptive immune responses play critical roles in viral clearance and protection against re‐infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 is no exception. What exceptional the rapid characterization of response to virus performed by researchers during first 20 months pandemic. This has given us a more detailed understanding compared many viruses that have been with for long time. Furthermore, effective COVID‐19 vaccines were developed record time, their rollout worldwide already making significant difference, although major challenges remain terms equal access. The pandemic engaged scientists public alike, such as seroprevalence , neutralizing antibodies antibody escape vaccine certificates become familiar broad community. Here, we review key findings concerning B cell (Ab) SARS‐CoV‐2, focusing on non‐severe cases anti‐spike (S) Ab particular, latter being central protective immunity induced infection or vaccination. emergence variants acquired mutations S acutely highlights need continued both emerging these evolving pathogen‐immune system arms race.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 pandemic over 2020 (with lockdowns) and 2021 (with vaccinations): similar effects for seasonality and environmental factors

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 208, С. 112711 - 112711

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Trends in pediatric ambulatory community acquired infections before and during COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective multicentric surveillance study in France

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22, С. 100497 - 100497

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2022

Covid-19 pandemic control has imposed several non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Strict application of these measures had a dramatic reduction on the epidemiology infectious diseases. As is ongoing for more than 2 years, some have been removed, mitigated, or less well applied. The aim this study to investigate trends pediatric ambulatory diseases before and up two years after onset pandemic.We conducted prospective surveillance in France with 107 pediatricians specifically trained From January 2018 April 2022, electronic medical records children an disease were automatically extracted. annual number 2020 2021 was compared 2018-2019 their frequency by logistic regression.From 2021, 185,368 recorded. Compared (n=47,116) 2019 (n=51,667), cases decreased (n=35,432) about third. Frequency scarlet fever, tonsillopharyngitis, enteroviral infections, bronchiolitis, gastroenteritis OR varying from 0·6 (CI95% [0·5;0·7]) 0·9 [0·8;0·9]), p<0·001. In among 52,153 diagnoses, off-season rebound observed increased otitis 1·1 [1·0;1·1]) 1·5 [1·4;1·5]), p<0·001.While during NPIs strict application, overall community-acquired infections reduced, relaxation measures, them (enteroviral gastroenteritis, otitis) occurred beyond pre-pandemic level. These findings highlight need continuous diseases, especially insofar as future epidemics are largely unpredictable.ACTIV, AFPA, GSK, MSD, Pfizer Sanofi.

Язык: Английский

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The prevalence of adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and reinfection after recovery – a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Pathogens and Global Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 116(5), С. 269 - 281

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

This study aims to estimate the prevalence and longevity of detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies T B memory cells after recovery. In addition, COVID-19 reinfection preventive efficacy previous infection with were investigated. A synthesis existing research was conducted. The Cochrane Library, China Academic Journals Full Text Database, PubMed, Scopus, preprint servers searched for studies conducted between 1 January 2020 April 2021. Included assessed methodological quality pooled estimates relevant outcomes obtained in a meta-analysis using bias adjusted method. Proportions synthesized Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation binary odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity I2 Cochran's Q statistics publication Doi plots. Fifty-four from 18 countries, around 12,000,000 individuals, followed up 8 months recovery, included. At 6–8 specific immunological remained high; IgG – 90.4% (95%CI 72.2–99.9, = 89.0%), CD4+ 91.7% 78.2–97.1y), 80.6% 65.0–90.2) 0.2% 0.0–0.7, 98.8). Individuals previously infected had an 81% reduction (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.1–0.3, 90.5%). Around 90% recovered individuals evidence SARS-CoV-2, at recovery low risk reinfection.RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD42020201234

Язык: Английский

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Seasonality of endemic COVID-19

mBio, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

The seasonality of COVID-19 is important for effective healthcare and public health decision-making. Previous waves SARS-CoV-2 infections have indicated that the virus will likely persist as an endemic pathogen with distinct surges. However, timing patterns potentially seasonal surges remain uncertain, rendering policies uninformed in danger poorly anticipating opportunities intervention, such well-timed booster vaccination drives. Applying evolutionary approach to long-term data on closely related circulating coronaviruses, our research provides projections should be expected at major temperate population centers. These enable local efforts are tailored specific locales or regions. This knowledge crucial enhancing medical preparedness facilitating implementation targeted interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Seasonal and periodic patterns in US COVID-19 mortality using the Variable Bandpass Periodic Block Bootstrap

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1), С. e0317897 - e0317897

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, research into existence, extent, and pattern seasonality has been highest importance for public health preparation. This study uses a novel bandpass bootstrap approach called Variable Bandpass Periodic Block Bootstrap to investigate periodically correlated components including within US COVID-19 mortality. Bootstrapping produce confidence intervals periodic characteristics such as seasonal mean requires preservation component’s correlation structure during resampling. While other existing methods can preserve component structure, filtration that frequency from interference is critical accurately efficiently. The filters time series reduce noise. greatly reduces bootstrapped interval size outperforms statistical power accuracy when estimating sampling distribution. analysis mortality provided compared against alternative bootstrapping methods. Results show both find significant component, but produces smaller only found at second through fifth harmonics well weekly component. crucial evidence supporting presence existence additional components, their timing, effect which will aid prediction preparation future responses.

Язык: Английский

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An exploration of modeling approaches for capturing seasonal transmission in stochastic epidemic models

Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(2), С. 324 - 354

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

<p>Seasonal variations in the incidence of infectious diseases are a well-established phenomenon, driven by factors such as climate changes, social behaviors, and ecological interactions that influence host susceptibility transmission rates. While seasonality plays significant role shaping epidemiological dynamics, it is often overlooked both empirical theoretical studies. Incorporating seasonal parameters into mathematical models crucial for accurately capturing disease enhancing predictive power these models, developing successful control strategies. In this paper, I highlight key modeling approaches incorporating transmission, including sinusoidal functions, periodic piecewise linear Fourier series expansions, Gaussian data-driven methods. These evaluated terms their flexibility, complexity, ability to capture distinct patterns observed real-world epidemics. A comparative analysis showcases relative strengths limitations each method, supported examples. Additionally, stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model with demonstrated through numerical simulations. Important outcome measures, basic instantaneous reproduction numbers probability outbreak derived from branching process approximation Markov chain, also presented illustrate impact on dynamics.</p>

Язык: Английский

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Investigating seasonal disease emergence and extinction in stochastic epidemic models

Mathematical Biosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 381, С. 109383 - 109383

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98(4), С. 1424 - 1458

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023

ABSTRACT The characteristic maximum lifespan varies enormously across animal species from a few hours to hundreds of years. This argues that lifespan, and the ageing process itself dictates are large extent genetically determined. Although controversial, this is supported by firm evidence semelparous display evolutionarily programmed in response reproductive environmental cues. Parabiosis experiments reveal orchestrated systemically through circulation, accompanied changes hormone levels lifetime. implies that, like circadian circannual clocks, there master ‘clock age’ (circavital clock) located limbic brain mammals modulates systemic growth factor secretion over as well alterations gene expression revealed genomic methylation analysis. Studies on accelerated mice, human longevity genes, converge conserved fibroblast factors (FGFs) their receptors, including KLOTHO, insulin‐like (IGFs) steroid hormones, key players mediating effects ageing. Age‐related these multiple other inferred cause progressive decline tissue maintenance failure stem cell replenishment. most severely affects immune system, which requires constant renewal bone marrow cells. increases risk infection whereas can be extended germfree animals. suggests major death higher organisms. Immune also associated with age‐related diseases. Taking example Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assess AD caused immunosenescence infection. signature protein brain, Aβ, now known an antimicrobial peptide, Aβ deposits may rather than disease. Because some cognitively normal elderly individuals show extensive neuropathology, argue location pathology crucial – specifically, lesions likely accentuate immunosenescence, could thus underlie vicious cycle microbial proliferation culminates AD. general model extend diseases, propose paradigm organismal senescence declining leads mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination on Transmission: A Systematic Review

COVID, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(10), С. 1516 - 1527

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2023

Vaccination against infectious disease affords direct protection from vaccine-induced immunity and additional indirect for unvaccinated persons. A systematic review was conducted to estimate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination. From PubMed Embase, 31 studies were included describing impact original wild-type vaccines on transmission or viral load. Overall, study results showed effectiveness vaccination SARS-CoV-2 (range 16–95%), regardless vaccine type number doses. The apparent, but less pronounced omicron 24–95% pre-omicron variants versus 16–31% omicron). Results load supportive, showing infections in vaccinated individuals had higher Ct values, suggesting lower load, compared among unvaccinated. Based these findings, well-timed programs may help reduce transmission—even era. Whether better-matched can improve era needs further study.

Язык: Английский

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