Advances in biomarkers of acute allograft rejection and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy in kidney transplantation; future perspective and challenges in clinical implementation
Transplantation Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 100930 - 100930
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Acute
rejection
(AR)
and
interstitial
fibrosis/tubular
atrophy
(IFTA)
are
significant
complications
of
kidney
transplantation
that
have
a
negative
impact
on
renal
graft
lifespan.
Kidney
transplant
monitoring
is
currently
performed
with
the
use
nonspecific
biomarkers
(serum
creatinine
proteinuria)
which
limitations
detect
AR
IFTA
only
after
damage
to
has
been
done.
Moreover,
many
patients
found
histological
evidence
despite
stable
(subclinical
-
SCR).
The
"gold
standard"
diagnostic
test
for
biopsy
also
comes
can
major
complications;
therefore,
it
not
an
ideal
routine
monitoring.
novel
non-invasive
(blood
urine)
invasive
(graft
biopsy)
biomarkers,
partly
driven
by
advances
in
omics
technologies,
lead
earlier
more
accurate
detection
AR/SCR
improved
identification
immunological
pathways
AR/IFTA
may
enable
design
tailormade
treatments.
This
minireview
provides
state-of-the-art
update
current
from
key
studies
gives
perspective
their
potential
future
implementation
underlying
challenges.
Язык: Английский
Methods for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation: Relevance for Encapsulated miRNAs in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Genes,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(3), С. 330 - 330
Опубликована: Март 12, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
nanovesicles
that
facilitate
intercellular
communication
by
carrying
essential
biomolecules
under
physiological
and
pathological
conditions
including
microRNAs
(miRNAs).
They
found
in
various
body
fluids,
such
as
blood,
urine,
saliva,
their
levels
fluctuate
with
disease
progression,
making
them
valuable
diagnostic
tools.
However,
isolating
EVs
is
challenging
due
to
small
size
biological
complexity.
Here,
we
summarize
the
principles
behind
most
common
EV
isolation
methods
ultracentrifugation,
precipitation,
immunoaffinity,
sorting,
ultrafiltration,
exclusion
chromatography,
microfluidics
while
highlighting
protocol
strengths
weaknesses.
We
also
review
main
strategies
identify
quantify
circulating
miRNAs
a
particular
focus
on
EV-encapsulated
miRNAs.
Since
these
hold
special
clinical
interest
derived
from
superior
stability
therapeutic
potential,
information
provided
here
should
provide
guidance
for
future
research
initiatives
promising
field
of
treatment
based
Язык: Английский