'Zombie drugs': Dehumanising news frames and public stigma towards people who use drugs

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 136, С. 104714 - 104714

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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EMS clinician perceptions on prehospital buprenorphine administration programs

Prehospital Emergency Care, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Personal attitudes amongst emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians could influence successful implementation of prehospital buprenorphine administration programs (PBAPs), yet few studies have investigated EMS clinician perceptions concerning these innovative programs. This mixed-methods study assessed and concerns about PBAPs. Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), advanced EMTs paramedics were recruited for focus groups from Upstate South Carolina. Researchers moderated 12 or fewer field personnel interviewed separately training officers leadership. Participants took a survey assessing demographic, employment, contextual information on EMS-led interventions addressing the opioid epidemic. Moderators asked participants to provide confidential responses four open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was applied all using framework method. A codebook modeled deductive themes previous literature, while inductive subthemes added through researcher consensus. Final coding constructed independently by two researchers with disagreements resolved third. Descriptive statistics summarized collected survey. The 107 predominantly male (69.2%) White (96.3%) an average age 38.4 years (SD = 11.4). Half 35.5% experience ranging 3 months 39 years, median 10 years. Most (70.2%) heard 28.9% received education medication use disorder (MOUD). Describing initial reactions overdose, included overdoses as routine part naloxone distribution changing overdose dynamics. Themes withdrawal is not emergency, negatively affecting operations, PBAPs requiring culture shift. surrounding individuals (OUD), increasing substance misuse, liability. At end session 45.8% stated they would want their agency participate in PBAP, 44.9% participate, 8 (7.5%) did answer. clinicians' toward adoption PBAP protocols. Findings may inform educational initiatives which mitigate knowledge gaps.

Язык: Английский

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How to save a life: Public awareness of a national mass media take home naloxone campaign, and effects of exposure to campaign components on overdose knowledge and responses.

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 131, С. 104111 - 104111

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2023

Take home naloxone (THN) programmes are effective at reducing opioid related mortality, but require high levels of distribution, including to the general public. Mass media campaigns can be in improving public understanding a topic and encouraging behavior change. Whilst mass focusing on have been developed internationally, there is lack research their potential impact. We investigated effects components recent national campaign (Scotland, UK) designed improve awareness drug deaths, readiness intervene. undertook cross-sectional online experimental study with randomized design, conducted nationally representative sample. Participants (N = 1551; 52.6% female; age 46.1±16.5 years) were assessed overdose knowledge intervene after presentation eight combinations components. Compared basic description, exposure all types component associated higher (p < .001), not what do response an .374), or (p= .286). The greatest rich audio-visual resource (animated video popular song soundtrack, narrated by well-known actor). Our data suggest that harm reduction appropriate for large-scale campaigns. However, may limited raising public, used. Audience segmentation important more messaging about deaths majority audiences.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of media representations of drug related deaths on public stigma and support for harm reduction

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 111, С. 103909 - 103909

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2022

Drug related deaths (DRD) are at historically high levels in the United Kingdom (UK), but some approaches that have potential to reduce risk of mortality remain controversial. Public support makes an important contribution drug policy development there public stigma towards people who use drugs (PWUD), and this is partly shaped by media representations. We investigated whether depiction characteristics decedents represented news articles about DRD was associated with differences stigmatising attitudes for harm reduction policy.We undertook a cross-sectional online study randomised design, conducted nationally representative sample (UK). Participants (N = 1280) were randomly presented one eight simulated stories reported on differed respect (ecstasy or heroin), gender (male female) age (younger older) decedent. Data analysed using MANOVA.Data obtained 1248 participants (51.0% female; mean 45.7±15.4). Stigma higher depictions male, older, heroin (all p < .001). Harm those seeing older compared younger subjects (p .035), ecstasy decedent .029).Presentation types than others. Those groups developing agenda-setting activities designed foster policies should consider different ways which audiences may respond framing media.

Язык: Английский

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Improving Medical Student Knowledge and Reducing Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Treating Patients With Opioid Use Disorder

Substance Use Research and Treatment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Objectives: Stigma and lack of knowledge are barriers to clinicians when caring for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). In 2018, only about 15 out 180 American medical schools had comprehensive addiction programs. The AAMC reports that institutions increasingly incorporating competencies address the OUD epidemic. There have been few evaluated curriculums focused on reducing stigmatizing attitudes. This study whether a 4-hour case-based curriculum improving attitudes toward patients could reduce student perceptions around viewing as punitive condition other substitution-based misconceptions agonist-based medication. Methods: Medical students completed curricular workshop which included learning objectives focusing healthcare/stigmatizing attitudes, effective behavioral therapy options, appropriate medications. We measured changes in using validated scales stigma. Non-parametric repeated measure tests determined statistically significant differences between pre post assessments related control (diabetes). Results: Of 135 eligible participants, 99 (76%) both pre- post-surveys. Mean scores across questions improved (60%-81%, P < .001) regarding perceived violence people decreased (2.04-1.82, = .016). was improvement mean OUD-related opinions including desire work effectively treat (3.58-3.88, while no concurrent change observed opinion non-OUD comparator, diabetes (3.88-3.97, .201). Conclusions: Results indicate associated measurable attitudinal forms With recent policy eliminating X-waiver, healthcare eager design management treatment. provides blueprint an improves clinician reduces

Язык: Английский

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Inequities in naloxone administration among fatal overdose decedents by race and ethnicity in Pennsylvania, 2019–21

Addiction, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 119(8), С. 1400 - 1409

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

The aim of this study was to characterize the circumstances drug overdose deaths and determine whether naloxone administration differed by decedent race ethnicity.

Язык: Английский

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Injection Drug Use Frequency Before and After Take-Home Naloxone Training

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(8), С. e2327319 - e2327319

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Importance Concerns that take-home naloxone (THN) training may lead to riskier drug use (as a form of overdose risk compensation) remain substantial barrier implementation. However, there was limited good-quality evidence in systematic review the association between THN access and subsequent compensation behaviors. Objective To assess whether is associated with changes behaviors, indexed through injecting frequency, cohort people who inject drugs. Design, Setting, Participants This study used prospectively collected self-reported behavioral data before after participants The Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study (SuperMIX). Annual interviews were conducted around Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from 2008 2021. SuperMIX adults regularly injected heroin or methamphetamine 6 months preceding their baseline interview. current included only drugs reported had participated at least 1 interview training. Exposure In 2017, follow-up survey began asking if when they received first date recorded as exposure variable. Subsequent participant excluded analysis. Main Outcomes Measures frequency primary outcome an indicator risk. Secondary outcomes opioid benzodiazepine proportion time alone. Fixed-effects generalized linear (Poisson) multilevel modeling estimate secondary outcomes. Time-varying covariates housing status, income, study, recent overdose, treatment, needle syringe coverage. Findings expressed incidence rate ratios (IRRs) 95% CIs. Results There 1328 (mean [SD] age, 32.4 [9.0] years; 893 men [67.2%]) completed cohort, 965 either 2017. Of these participants, 390 (40.4%) A total 189 pretraining on final analysis number over period, 6.2 [2.2]). fixed-effects regression analyses adjusted for covariates, no change (IRR, 0.91; CI, 0.69-1.20; P = .51), 0.95; 0.74-1.23; .71), 0.96; 0.69-1.33; .80), using alone 1.04; 0.86-1.26; .67) Conclusions Relevance found increase along other markers risk, supply. findings suggest should not be withheld because concerns about advocacy availability uptake required address unprecedented opioid-associated mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution in Kentucky: adoption and reach achieved through a “hub with many spokes” model

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

Abstract Background Scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), an evidence-based practice for reducing opioid mortality, in communities remains a challenge. Novel models intentional implementation strategies are needed. Drawing upon the EPIS model’s phases of Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (Aarons et al. Adm Policy Ment Health 38:4–23, 2011), this paper describes development University Kentucky’s unique centralized “Naloxone Hub with Many Spokes” approach to implementing OEND as part HEALing Communities Study (HCS-KY). Methods To scale eight Kentucky counties, were utilized at two levels: university-based dispensing unit (“Naloxone Hub”) adopting organizations (“Many Spokes”). Implementation varied across phases, but heavily emphasized facilitation. The Naloxone provided technical assistance, resources, no-cost partner organizations. outcomes measured using data from internal study management trackers submitted by Results Of 209 identified potential partners, 84.7% (n = 177) engaged Exploration/Preparation phase participating initial meeting Facilitator about HCS-KY program. Adoption program, defined receipt least one shipment naloxone, was achieved 69.4% 145) all contacted. During phase, distributed 40,822 units distributing mean 281.5 (SD 806.2). number per county 5102.8 3653.3; range 1057 − 11,053) level rate 8396.5 100,000 residents 8103.1; 1709.5–25,296.3). that adopted 87.6% 127) attended sustainability agreed transition state-funded Conclusions These demonstrate feasibility “Hub model scaling highly affected epidemic. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04111939. Registered 30 September 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04111939 .

Язык: Английский

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Pilot implementation of the PharmNet naloxone program in an independent pharmacy

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 63(1), С. 374 - 382.e12

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2022

The U.S. overdose epidemic has continued to escalate with more than 100,000 deaths per year in the past several years, most of which involve opioids. Widespread availability naloxone is part a national solution crisis, and community pharmacies are well-poised facilitate such distribution provide additional harm reduction services. primary objectives this study were (a) examine usability each separate intervention components prepared for PharmNet, (b) observe fidelity through regularly scheduled site visits, (c) explore association between PharmNet implementation volume sales pilot site. Here, we describe carefully designed tailored pharmacy called that maximize impact while minimizing utilization pharmacist resources. It pragmatic awareness, service provision, referral program was developed careful, iterative feasibility studies pharmacists. procedures include tools steps create awareness (e.g., yard signs messaging patients, reminder pharmacists), facilitation delivery from nonprofits, provision cards featuring local Evaluation included direct data collection randomly visits. associated an increase 3.33 doses/mo being dispensed at cost (34.4% relative increase) overall 9.33 via any mechanism (96.48% increase). Around 2.85 issued patients daily. Intervention moderate, provides valuable information how modify prior randomized trial. With modifications informed by study, merits trial determine whether it causes increased dispensing independent pharmacies.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Online Naloxone Training for Laypersons: An Extended-Baseline Assessment

Substance Use & Misuse, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 59(14), С. 2144 - 2148

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024

While laypersons can play a crucial role in administering naloxone opioid overdoses, they must be recruited and trained to effectively manage overdose events as good Samaritans. This study aimed examine the effectiveness of technology-based intervention that administer naloxone.

Язык: Английский

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