Assessing the Influence of Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivore Oriented Westernized Dietary Styles on Human Gut Microbiota: A Cross Sectional Study

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Март 4, 2018

Diet and lifestyle have a strong influence on gut microbiota, which in turn has important implications variety of health-related aspects. Despite great advances the field, it remains unclear to extent composition microbiota is modulated by intake animal derived products, compared vegetable based diet. Here specific impact vegan, vegetarian omnivore dietary choicesfeeding type 101 adults was investigated among groups homogeneous for variables known role modulating microbial such as age, anthropometric variables, ethnicity geographic area. The results displayed picture where three different dietetic profiles could be well distinguished basis participant's regimen. Regarding microbiota; vegetarians had significantly greater richness omnivorous. Moreover, counts Bacteroidetes related operational taxonomic units were vegans omnivores. Interestingly considering whole bacterial community cohorts unexpectedly similar. , probably due their common terms nutrients rather than food, e.g. high fat content reduced protein carbohydrate intake. This finding suggests that fundamental nutritional choices or omnivory do but not allow infer conclusions composition, suggested possibility preferential other general life style shaping human spite influence. Consequently, research individuals are categorised claimed feeding types limited use scientific studies, since appears oversimplified.

Язык: Английский

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Host-associated microbiomes are predicted by immune system complexity and climate

Genome biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2020

Abstract Background Host-associated microbiomes, the microorganisms occurring inside and on host surfaces, influence evolutionary, immunological, ecological processes. Interactions between microbiome affect metabolism contribute to adaptation changing environments. Meta-analyses of host-associated bacterial communities have potential elucidate global-scale patterns microbial community structure function. It is possible that surface-associated (external) microbiomes respond more strongly variations in environmental factors, whereas internal are tightly linked factors. Results Here, we use dataset from Earth Microbiome Project accumulate data 50 additional studies totaling 654 species over 15,000 samples examine diversity We analyze non-captive hosts sampled natural habitats find with bioclimate geophysical as well land use, phylogeny, trophic level/diet. Specifically, external best explained by mean daily temperature range precipitation seasonality. In contrast, factors such phylogeny/immune complexity level/diet, plus climate. Conclusions Internal predominantly associated top-down effects, while climatic stronger determinants surfaces. Host immunity may act through regulation analogous predators non-microbial ecosystems. Noting gaps geographic sampling, this combined represents a global baseline available for interrogation future ecology studies.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota as important modulator of metabolism in health and disease

RSC Advances, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(74), С. 42380 - 42389

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

The human gastrointestinal tract colonizes a large number of microbial microflora to participate in various metabolic processes the body, and plays major role host immune response.

Язык: Английский

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Salmonella versus the Microbiome

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 85(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2020

A balanced gut microbiota contributes to health, but the mechanisms maintaining homeostasis remain elusive. Microbiota assembly during infancy is governed by competition between species and environmental factors, termed habitat filters, that determine range of successful traits within microbial community.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental plasticity and colonisation history in the Atlantic salmon microbiome: A translocation experiment

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(5), С. 886 - 898

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2020

Microbial communities associated with the gut and skin are strongly influenced by environmental factors, can rapidly adapt to change. Historical processes may also affect microbiome. In particular, variation in microbial colonisation early life has potential induce lasting effects on assemblages. However, little is known about relative extent of microbiome plasticity or importance historical following change, especially for nonmammalian species. To investigate this we performed a reciprocal translocation Atlantic salmon between artificial semi-natural conditions. Wild hatchery-reared fry were transferred three common garden experimental environments 6 weeks: standard hatchery conditions, conditions an enriched diet, simulated wild We characterized faecal individual fish before after translocation, using BACI (before-after-control-impact) design. found evidence extensive both skin, greatest changes alpha beta diversity largest environment diet. Microbiome richness entirely determined environment, no detectable origin, there was near-complete turnover structure. identified, first time fish, reflecting early-life experience, including ASVs characteristic captive rearing. These results have important implications host adaptation local selective pressures, highlight how experienced during long-term influence and, potentially, health.

Язык: Английский

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