Protecting older people: a high priority during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 400(10354), С. 729 - 730

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Application of Deep Learning Techniques and Bayesian Optimization with Tree Parzen Estimator in the Classification of Supply Chain Pricing Datasets of Health Medications

Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(19), С. 10166 - 10166

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2022

From the development and sale of a product through its delivery to end customer, supply chain encompasses network suppliers, transporters, warehouses, distribution centers, shipping lines, logistics service providers all working together. Lead times, bottlenecks, cash flow, data management, risk exposure, traceability, conformity, quality assurance, flaws, language barriers are some difficulties that management faces. In this paper, deep learning techniques such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) were adopted applied classify pricing datasets health medications. Then, Bayesian optimization using tree parzen estimator All K Nearest Neighbor (AllkNN) was used establish suitable model hyper-parameters both LSTM 1D-CNN enhance classification model. Repeated five-fold cross-validation is developed models predict accuracy models. The study showed combination 1D-CNN, AllkNN, (1D-CNN+AllKNN+BO) outperforms other approaches employed in study. from one-fold 10-fold, produced highest range between 61.2836% 63.3267%, among

Язык: Английский

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Barriers to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance to improve messages for vaccine uptake in indigenous populations in the central highlands of Guatemala: a participatory qualitative study

BMJ Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1), С. e067210 - e067210

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Introduction As of July 2022, a little over one-third Guatemalans were fully vaccinated. While COVID-19 vaccination rates are not officially reported nationally by racial/ethnic groups, non-governmental organisations and reporters have observed that especially low among high-risk Indigenous populations. We conducted one the first studies on vaccine acceptance in populations Central Highlands Guatemala, which aimed to better understand barriers uptake how improve promotional campaigns. Methods In November 2021, we eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with 42 men women 16 in-depth interviews (IDIs) community health workers, nurses physicians Chimaltenango Sololá. Using participatory design approach, our qualitative analysis used constant comparative methods inductive deductive themes from FGD IDI transcripts. Results found three major overarching within sampled population: (1) lack available easily understandable, linguistically appropriate culturally sensitive information; (2) access supply issues prevented people being vaccinated efficiently quickly; (3) widespread misinformation disinformation prey people’s fears unknown mistrust medical establishment government. Conclusion When developing messages, content should be relevant, for low-literacy languages prefer speak. Promotional materials multiple modalities (print, radio social media) also specific Maya cultural references (dress, food concepts disease) ensure messaging connects intended targets. This study supports need more robust research into best practices communicating about vaccines marginalised communities globally suggests policy makers invest targeted local solutions increase uptake.

Язык: Английский

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Racism, colonialism and the implications for nursing scholarship: A discussion paper

Journal of Advanced Nursing, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 79(5), С. 1745 - 1753

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Abstract Aim A critical discussion of the intersections between racism and colonialism as social determinants health explore how these discriminatory ideologies shape nursing inquiry. Design Discussion paper. Data Sources review pertinent discourse on in from 2000 to 2022. Implications for Nursing The failure address inequity plaguing racialized marginalized populations locally globally affects all groups, illustrated COVID‐19 pandemic. Racism are inextricably linked, creating potent forces that influence scholarship adversely affect a culturally racially diverse society. Power differentials exist within countries structural challenges lead inequitable distribution resources othering. cannot be abstracted sociopolitical context which it exists. There have been calls drivers communities. More still needs done support an antiracist agenda decolonize nursing. Conclusion Nurses, largest healthcare workforce, can addressing disparities. However, nurses failed eliminate their ranks, essentialism ideology has normalized. multidimensional approach includes interventions aimed at education, direct patient care, community health, organizations policy is needed problematic rooted ideologies. Since knowledge generated informs practice policy, imperative implement policies racist assumptions practices scholarship. No Patient or Public Contribution paper discursive using literature. Impact For attain its potential leader healthcare, standards scientific vigour should embedded history, culture politics. Recommendations provided possible strategies identify, confront abolish

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 trends, public restrictions policies and vaccination status by economic ranking of countries: a longitudinal study from 110 countries

Archives of Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 80(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has transitioned to a third phase and many variants have been originated. There millions of lives loss as well billions in economic loss. morbidity mortality for COVID-19 varies by country. were different preventive approaches public restrictions policies applied control the impacts usually measured Stringency Index. This study aimed explore trend, restriction vaccination status with ranking countries. Methods We received open access data from Our World Data. Data 210 countries available. Countries ( n = 110) related testing, which is key variable present study, included analysis remaining 100 excluded due incomplete data. period was set between January 22, 2020 (when first officially reported) December 28, 2021. All analyses stratified year Bank income group. To analyze associations among major variables, we used longitudinal fixed-effects model. Results Out 110 our analysis, there 9 (8.18%), 25 (22.72%), 31 (28.18%), 45 (40.90%) low (LIC), middle (LMIC), upper (UMIC) high (HIC) respectively. New case per million similar LMIC, UMIC HIC but lower LIC. number new test reduced LMIC Index negligible LIC HIC. positivity rate increased UMIC. daily incidence positively correlated both In 2020, positive negative association 2021 Vaccination coverage did not appear change Conclusion cases, tests, vaccinations, rates, indices highest findings suggest that available resources would be allocated need countries;

Язык: Английский

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Humoral and cellular response induced by a second booster of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 91, С. 104563 - 104563

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023

BackgroundThe Omicron variant has challenged the control of COVID-19 pandemic due to its immuno-evasive properties. The administration a booster dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine showed positive effects in immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2, effect that is even enhanced after second booster.MethodsDuring phase-3 clinical trial, we evaluated CoronaVac®, an inactivated administered 6 months first booster, neutralization (n = 87). In parallel, cellular immunity 45) was analyzed stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells by flow cytometry and ELISPOT.FindingsAlthough 2.5-fold increase ancestral observed when compared with prior (Geometric mean units p < 0.0001; Geometric titer 0.0002), poor detected. Additionally, activation specific CD4+ T lymphocytes remained stable and, importantly, equivalent were found.InterpretationAlthough neutralizing response CoronaVac® slightly increased, these levels are far from those could most likely fail neutralize virus. contrast, robust CD4+T cell may confer protection variant.FundingThe Ministry Health, Government Chile, Confederation Production Commerce, Chile SINOVAC Biotech. NIH NIAID. Millennium Institute on Immunology Immunotherapy.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating geographic accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination across 54 countries/regions

BMJ Global Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(2), С. e017761 - e017761

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed significant disparities in global vaccine accessibility, particularly affecting low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, current research on accessibility primarily focuses individual or high-income (HIC). We aimed to evaluate geographic vaccination a multicountry scale, covering comparisons across LMICs HICs. Additionally, we explored the potential economic factors related their impacts health outcomes. collected population data at 1 km resolution geocoded all sites selected countries/regions. Four measures were used from different perspectives: coverage with varying travel time thresholds, driving sites, number of within 30-min threshold index using enhanced two-step floating catchment area method. Finally, relationships between several factors: gross domestic product per capita, uptake mortality. found substantial In 24.07% these countries/regions, over 95% can access nearest services 15 min. contrast, countries/regions such as Manitoba (Canada), Zimbabwe Bhutan, less than 30% reach 60 Underserved areas, termed 'vaccine deserts', identified both HICs LMICs. that higher tend achieve rates, whereas those lower are likely experience increases mortality rates. require attention improve vaccination. there internal National public officials initiatives suggested prioritize deserts' ensure equitable future pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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Does integration matter? an international cross-sectional study on the relationship between perceived public health and primary care integration and COVID-19 vaccination rates

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(2), С. e0317970 - e0317970

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Background Immunisation against COVID-19 is crucial for controlling the pandemic, yet global challenges persist in vaccine coverage and equitable distribution. A well-integrated primary health care approach can enhance vaccination programmes. Aim To explore relationship between perceived PC (primary care)-PH (public health) integration, as well other program implementation factors, national coverage. Design setting convenience sample of self-identified professionals completed an online survey on programme their perceptions PC-PH integration. Methods Countries with ≥5 responses were included data analysis. integration was investigated using bivariate subgroup analyses, Spearman correlation, linear regression. Results total 394 from 32 countries analysed. Participants providers, academics, researchers. The median 28.41% at time study. Perceived barriers patient hesitancy supply shortages, while facilitators product choices, equity, community engagement. study revealed a positive upper-middle lower-middle income countries. Conclusion increased decreasing economic quartiles this perception linked to actual Integration may be especially important lesser supply. High-income benefit collaboration PH efficiency. findings contribute understanding role programmes different settings.

Язык: Английский

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Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination worldwide: WORLDCOV, a retrospective observational study

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous deaths, great suffering, and significant changes people's lives worldwide. introduction of the vaccines was a light darkness, but after 18 months, disparity vaccination coverage between countries been observed. As disparities have become global public health issue, this study aimed to analyze several variables identify possible determinants vaccination.An ecological conducted using pooled secondary data sourced from institutional sites. A total 205 territories worldwide were included. 16 different fields considered establish vaccination: sociodemographic, cultural, infrastructural, economic political variables, system performance indicators. percentage population vaccinated with at least one dose doses administered per 100 residents on 15 June 2022 identified as indicators vaccine outcomes. Raw adjusted values for delivered multivariate GLM determined R. tested hypothesis (i.e., vaccination) formulated before collection. protocol registered grant number NCT05471635.GDP capita [odds = 1.401 (1.299-1.511) CI 95%], access electricity 1.625 (1.559-1.694) stability, absence violence/terrorism 1.334 (1.284-1.387) civil liberties 0.888 (0.863-0.914) 95%] strong vaccination. Several other displayed statistically association outcomes, although associations stronger residents. There substantial overlap raw outcomes their counterparts.This pioneering is first categories wide complex setting, identifying coverage. Political decision-makers should consider these findings when organizing mass campaigns context reduce inequalities nations achieve common good perspective.

Язык: Английский

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Relative vaccine effectiveness of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine for preventing death in individuals with a primary regimen based on the BBIBP-CorV, ChAdOx1-S, or BNT162b2 vaccines during the Omicron wave in Peru: A nested case-control study using national population data

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 40(45), С. 6512 - 6519

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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