Post-COVID Syndrome: An Insight on Its Pathogenesis

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(5), С. 497 - 497

Опубликована: Май 12, 2021

Post-COVID syndrome is increasingly recognized as a new clinical entity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms persisting for more than three weeks after diagnosis COVID-19 characterize post-COVID syndrome. Its incidence ranges from 10% to 35%, however, rates high 85% have been reported among patients with history hospitalization. Currently, there no consensus on classification We reviewed published information syndrome, putting emphasis its pathogenesis. The pathogenesis multi-factorial and one mechanism may be implicated several manifestations. Prolonged inflammation has key role account some neurological complications, cognitive dysfunction, other symptoms. A multisystem inflammatory adults (MIS-A) all ages also described recently, similarly children (MIS-C). post-infectious pathogenetic MIS-A supported by fact that established through serology up third cases. Other mechanisms are include immune-mediated vascular thromboembolism, nervous system dysfunction. Although current data indicating overwhelming majority good prognosis, registries actively follow them needed order define full spectrum long-term outcome. consensus-based essential guide clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic management. Further research imperative elucidate

Язык: Английский

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Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(7), С. 542 - 554

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Age‐dependent and gender‐dependent antibody responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 in health workers and octogenarians after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

American Journal of Hematology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 96(7)

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2021

Efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus is great importance to mitigate the Covid-19 pandemic.1 The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty) first approved by both FDA and EMA, due its efficacy in apparently healthy adults.2 Recently, an assessment vaccination dose effects among nursing facility residents staff showed that there some protection after injection.3 Here we present kinetics anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) IgGs neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) development health workers octogenarians, who participated a prospective study (NCT04743388) studying for prevention Covid-19. Major inclusion criteria participation this included: (a) age above 18 years; (b) ability sign informed consent form, (c) eligibility vaccination, according national program vaccination. exclusion included presence of: autoimmune disorder under immunosuppressive therapy; active malignant disease end-stage renal disease. Anti-Spike-RBD IgG (representing response either prior infection or vaccine) NAbs were measured using methods, is, Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) cPas Detection Kit (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ, USA),4 respectively; latter allows indirect detection potential blood, assaying antibody (independent class)-mediated inhibition RBD binding human host receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Time-points blood collection serum isolation day 1 (D1; dose), D8, D22 (second D36 D50 D1, octogenarians. After vein puncture, was separated within 4 h from stored at −80°C until measurement. Stored samples different time points same donor parallel assays. on-going also includes follow-up antibodies' titers every 3 months till month 18, post D22. respective Ethical Committee Alexandra Hospital, accordance with Declaration Helsinki International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice. All patients controls provided before entering study. Study population 255 (92 M/163F; median age: 49 years, range: 25–70 years) General Hospital Athens, Greece (group one) 112 volunteered octogenarians (51 M/61F; 85 80–95 vaccinated hospital center two). From group one, seven (2.74%) 21 (8.23%) individuals had anti-Spike-RBD titer >0.8 U/mL (positivity threshold) >30% threshold), respectively, D1. Whereas, two, one (0.89%) positive 10 (8.92%) Nabs. participants D1 NAbs; interestingly, positivity did not always correlate increased (data shown) indicating existence distinct non-RBD epitopes Spike protein.5 Also, agreement recent findings,6 significantly expanded D8 suggesting robust immune memory responses healers. negative D22, reached high values second (D36; measuring range following 10-fold dilution sample are reported as 2500 U/mL) started gradually decline (Figure 1A1). titers, volunteers found increase plateaued weeks (D36) [median (all donors) ≥95%] remained (despite slight decline) levels 1B). less prominent ages 51–70 years vs 25–50 pronounced (vs other groups) This age-dependent pattern likewise evident comparing aged groups Interestingly, higher females males 1A2); trend more female observed groups. Similarly, NAbs' We conclude particularly effective producing anti-RBD no malignancy, therapy dysfunction. humoral gender-dependent (especially octogenarians); it peaks highest level (independently gender) dose) starts (also independently Our data support production dose, which similarly younger These findings indicate timely critical, especially elderly population. Given duration, stratification, demographics, combined Abs assays, our has provide critical information duration vaccine-mediated protection. thank Tina Bagratuni, PhD, Dimitrios Patseas, Mrs Nikoletta-Aikaterini Kokkali Stamatia Skourti administrative, technical, and/or material support. Roche GmbH (Germany), SYN-ENOSIS (Greece), AEGEAS (Greece) IEMBITHEK partially funding study, well all donating their samples. Data available request privacy/ethical restrictions

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease: how one crisis worsens the other

Translational Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2021

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has emerged as a key comorbidity of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The morbidity and mortality COVID-19 are elevated in AD due to multiple pathological changes patients such the excessive expression viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 pro-inflammatory molecules, various complications including diabetes, lifestyle alterations AD, drug-drug interactions. Meanwhile, also been reported cause neurologic symptoms cognitive impairment that may ultimately result probably through invasion SARS-CoV-2 into central nervous system, COVID-19-induced inflammation, long-term hospitalization delirium, post-COVID-19 syndrome. In addition, crisis worsens behavioral uninfected poses new challenges for prevention. this review, we first introduce pathogenesis AD. Next, provide comprehensive discussion on aggravating effects underlying mechanisms from molecular social levels. We highlight influence function, propose possible routes brain potential impairment. Last, summarize negative impacts pandemic dementia

Язык: Английский

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Genome-wide bidirectional CRISPR screens identify mucins as host factors modulating SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nature Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 54(8), С. 1078 - 1089

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a range of symptoms in infected individuals, from mild illness to distress syndrome. A systematic understanding host factors influencing viral infection is critical elucidate SARS-CoV-2-host interactions and the progression Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR knockout activation screens human lung epithelial cells with endogenous expression SARS-CoV-2 entry ACE2 TMPRSS2. We uncovered proviral antiviral across highly interconnected pathways, including clathrin transport, inflammatory signaling, cell-cycle regulation, transcriptional epigenetic regulation. further identified mucins, family high molecular weight glycoproteins, as prominent restriction network that inhibits vitro murine models. These mucins also inhibit diverse viruses. This functional landscape provides physiologically relevant starting point for new host-directed therapeutics highlights airway defense mechanism.

Язык: Английский

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The Lactate and the Lactate Dehydrogenase in Inflammatory Diseases and Major Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients

Inflammation, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(6), С. 2091 - 2123

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: recommendations of the Polish Association of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists as of April 26, 2021

Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Metal Complexes as Antiviral Agents for SARS‐CoV‐2

ChemBioChem, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(16), С. 2600 - 2607

Опубликована: Май 18, 2021

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the infectious agent responsible for COVID‐19 has caused more than 2.5 million deaths worldwide and triggered a global pandemic. Even with successful vaccines being delivered, there is an urgent need novel treatments to combat SARS‐CoV‐2, other emerging viral diseases. While several organic small molecule drug candidates are in development, some effort also been devoted towards application of metal complexes as potential antiviral agents against SARS‐CoV‐2. Herein, that have reported show activity SARS‐CoV‐2 or one its target proteins described their proposed mechanisms action discussed.

Язык: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 and dengue virus co‐infection: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and management

Reviews in Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(1)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2022

Abstract SARS‐CoV‐2 and dengue virus co‐infection cases have been on the rise in dengue‐endemic regions as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) spreads over world, posing a threat of co‐epidemic. The risk comorbidity is greater than that single viral infection, which cause concern. Although pathophysiologies two infections are different, viruses comparable effects within body, resulting identical clinical symptoms case co‐infection, adds to complexity. Overlapping laboratory features make proper differentiation important. However, specific biomarkers provide precise results can be utilised diagnose treat whether it simply COVID‐19, dengue, or co‐infection. Though their treatment distinguished, becomes more complicated circumstances As result, regardless whatever infection first symptom points to, confirmation diagnosis both COVID‐19 should mandatory, particularly regions, prevent health deterioration individuals treated for infection. There still scarcity concise literature epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy, management epidemiology mechanism pathogenesis, potential impact patients summarised this review. possible with biomarkers, treatment, also discussed. This review will shed light appropriate suffering from

Язык: Английский

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A Review on Measures to Rejuvenate Immune System: Natural Mode of Protection Against Coronavirus Infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 15, 2022

SARS-CoV-2, a novel Corona virus strain, was first detected in Wuhan, China, December 2019. As of 16, 2021, almost 4,822,472 people had died and over 236,132,082 were infected with this lethal viral infection. It is believed that the human immune system thought to play critical role initial phase infection when viruses invade host cells. Although some effective vaccines have already been on market, researchers many bio-pharmaceuticals are still working hard develop fully functional vaccine or more therapeutic agent against COVID-19. Other efforts, addition vaccines, can help strengthen defeat corona Herein, we reviewed those proven measures, following which efficient be better prepared fight Among these, dietary supplements like- fresh vegetables fruits offer plentiful vitamins antioxidants, enabling build healthy system. While pharmacologically active components medicinal plants directly aid fighting infection, supplementary combined diet will assist regulate prevent In addition, personal habits, regular physical exercise, intermittent fasting, adequate sleep, also becoming an one. Maintaining each these system, allowing innate immunity become defensive antagonistic mechanism corona-virus However, because treatments take longer produce beneficial effects adaptive maturation, personalized nutrition cannot expected immediate impact global outbreak.

Язык: Английский

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