Performance SiO2, GO, and SiO2@GO nanomaterials on fabricating new polymer nanocomposites for optical, antibacterial, and anticancer applications

Applied Nanoscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Development of bacterial resistance in Germany from 2008 to 2022 — major culprit pathogens, antibacterial drugs, and prescribing practices

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2024

Abstract Rising bacterial resistance is a global threat, causing rising financial burdens on healthcare systems and endangering effective treatment of infections. To ensure the efficacy antibacterial drugs, it essential to identify most dangerous pathogens vulnerable drugs. Previous research by our group suggested irrational outpatient prescribing practices in Germany, supporting growing resistance. This study analyses developments characteristics for ten prescribed drugs Germany from 2008 2022. Conclusions are based development levels an analysis correlations between pathogens. We identified cefuroxime axetil, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim nitrofurantoin as problematic Particularly include E. faecalis , faecium K. pneumoniae P. mirabilis . Besides increasing resistance, they characterised high proportion significant positive correlations, indicating potential mutually reinforcing development. Alarmingly, analysed showed at least one In cases, best option threatened also several differences current data therapeutic guidelines. aggregate, findings support behaviour underscore urgent need improved counter Germany. Moreover, guidelines infections, “holy grail” pharmacotherapy, must be updated more frequently.

Язык: Английский

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Bioactivity and GC-MS Profile of Extract from Static Cultures of Fungi Isolated from the Leaf of Solanum lycopersicum

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025

This research investigated bioactive compounds produced by endophytic fungi isolated from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) leaves, with a focus on antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The fungal extract exhibited significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae Candida albicans. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Bactericidal (MBC) values were 0.8 mg/mL, demonstrating the extract's potency, particularly E. faecalis. also showed activity, 34.9% inhibition rate. TLC analysis, using hexane: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (25:25:3) solvent system, identified two distinct spots (spots A B) Rf of 0.50 0.80, respectively. Visualisation p-Anisaldehyde revealed pink deep blue colours, confirming presence various compounds. highlights potential as valuable sources agents, implications for pharmaceuticals public health.

Язык: Английский

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Seasonal Trends and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Pathogens in Indian Clinical Isolates

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Introduction Bacterial diseases exhibit seasonal trends, necessitating their monitoring for outbreak prediction, treatment optimization, and infection control. This study explores temperature correlations, antimicrobial resistance profiles of key pathogens in an Indian tertiary care setting. Methodology cross-sectional analyzed bacterial isolates from 1,562 patient samples, including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis. Monthly rates patterns were visualized using heatmaps time-series graphs. Pearson's correlation assessed the relationship between these temperature. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated VITEK2, with R. Results Infections peaked April (n = 163, 10.43%) March 161, 10.30%), S . aureus as most common pathogen 271, 25.64%), followed by K pneumoniae 201, 19.02%) P aeruginosa 178, 16.84%). Seasonal trends showed S. infections summer 45, 16.6%), while P. 27, 15.2%) E. faecalis 24, 25.5%) winter. Temperature correlated positively (r 0.814, 0.001) negatively -0.845, 0.001), E -0.618, 0.032), no observed K. A. coli. Multi-drug (MDR), extensively drug (XDR), pandrug more prevalent Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions reveals temperature-driven infections, aiding prediction prevention. The findings emphasize threat multidrug resistance, particularly bacteria, reinforcing need enhanced control targeted antibiotic stewardship.

Язык: Английский

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Relationship Between CRISPR–Cas Systems and Acquisition of Tetracycline Resistance in Non-Clinical Enterococcus Populations in Bulgaria

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 145 - 145

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025

Non-clinical enterococci are relatively poorly studied by means of acquired antibiotic resistance to tetracycline and the distribution, functionality role their CRISPR systems. Background: In our study, 72 enterococcal strains, isolated from various non-clinical origins, were investigated for phenotypic genotypic (tet(M), tet(O), tet(S), tet(L), tet(K), tet(T) tet(W)) resistance. Methods: The genetic determinants HGT (MGEs (Int-Tn prgW), inducible pheromones (cpd, cop cff), aggregation substances (agg, asa1, prgB asa373) CRISPR–Cas systems characterized PCR whole-genome sequencing. Results: Four tet genes (tetM, tetO, tetS tetT) detected in 39% (n = 28) population, with tetM (31%) being dominant. gene location was linked Tn6009 transposon. All strains that contained also had HGT. No found E. casseliflavus gilvus. 79% all tet-positive correlated non-functional strain faecalis BM15 only one containing a combination functional system (cas1, cas2, csn2 csn1/cas9) genes. subtype repeats II-A, III-B, IV-A2 VI-B1 identified among (CM4-II-A, III-B VI-B1; BM5-IV-A2, II-A III-B; BM12 BM15-II-A). most present. These enclosed great number spacers (1–10 spacers) lengths 31 36 bp. One locus plasmid (p.Firmicutes1 BM5). We described presence loci species pseudoavium, pallens devriesei lack gilvus, malodoratus mundtii. Conclusions: Our findings generally describe acquisition foreign DNA as consequence inactivation, self-targeting main cause.

Язык: Английский

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A novel function of short cationic peptide FP-CATH9 without antimicrobial activity reverses resistance to minocycline in common multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

ABSTRACT The increase in bacterial resistance to minocycline and other tetracyclines poses a serious threat global public health. Because the development of new antibiotics has proven problematic, antibiotic sensitization therapy is now an effective coping strategy. While antimicrobial peptides generally exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity good biocompatibility, naturally truncated portions (such as snake cathelicidin) often do not activity, their function remains unknown. FP-CATH9 short cationic peptide derived from FP-CATH (snake cathelicidin peptide) with amphiphilic α-helical structure no discernible activity. However, was previously found significantly enhance against gram-negative bacteria. In present paper, clinically relevant minocycline-resistant bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) were used test for screening. be dose dependent double-dilution assay. synergistic on subsequently determined using checkerboard method. An ethidium bromide efflux revealed that caused accumulation Additionally, exhibited low hemolytic red blood cells cytotoxicity Raw264.7 cells. vivo model infection, combined 80% protective effect Galleria mellonella larvae infected multidrug-resistant K. . summary, adjuvant reverses by increasing intracellular minocycline. This finding broad application potential. IMPORTANCE existence pump system enables expel antibiotics, reduce concentration cells, make unable effectively inhibit or kill bacteria, which one main mechanisms antibiotics. some pumps are substrate specific, while others wide range substrates. this study, can specifically reverse provides way solve problem drug resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Drug susceptibility of uropathogens isolated from patients treated at the Mazovian Specialized Hospital in Radom

Acta Biochimica Polonica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 72

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a significant problem among populations worldwide. It is mainly associated with the increasing incidence of recurrence, complications and drug resistance uropathogens. The aim this study was to demonstrate prevalence pathogens causing urinary infections. material for data obtained from Mazovian Specialized Hospital (M.S.H) in Radom over period 2 years. Urine collected hospitalized patients UTI. Statistical calculations were performed using statistical software. During period, 3,917 underwent microbiological examination urine, almost 15% them found be infected Based on analysis susceptibility most common uropathogens, it shown that caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae, others, often show high fluoroquinolones β-lactam antibiotics. Proteus mirabilis strains have been more resistant aminoglycosides than beta-lactams. In case Pseudomonas aeruginisa, predominates. On other hand, UTI Acientobacter baumannii should treated based results testing due multidrug-resistant strains.

Язык: Английский

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Isolation of vanA-Mediated Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis (ST1912/CC116) and Enterococcus faecium (ST80/CC17), optrA-Positive Linezolid-Resistant E. faecalis (ST32, ST1902) from Human Clinical Specimens in Bangladesh

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 261 - 261

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Background/Objectives: Enterococcus is one of the major nosocomial pathogens. The present status antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence factors was analyzed for current causing infectious diseases in Bangladesh. Methods: Clinical isolates recovered from various specimens a tertiary care hospital were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility measured by broth microdilution test, genes/virulence detected uniplex/multiplex PCR, along with sequencing analysis as required. sequence type (ST) E. faecalis faecium identified based on multilocus typing (MLST) scheme. Results: For one-year period, total 143 (135 faecalis, 7 faecium, 1 hirae) collected. Although all susceptible to penicillin, high rates noted against erythromycin (87%) levofloxacin (62%). High-level gentamicin 30% 86% faecium. Vancomycin due vanA isolate each (ST1912, CC116) (ST80, CC17). Three (2.2%) ST32 or ST1902 resistant linezolid, harboring optrA-fexA. Conclusions: study identifies vancomycin-resistant humans Bangladesh shows potential spread optrA multiple lineages faecalis.

Язык: Английский

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The Emergence and Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Genus Enterococcus and Their Implications on Probiotics

IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

The genus Enterococcus has a ubiquitous distribution and is found in all possible places of microorganisms’ existence. Due to their unique properties, species also survives harsh environmental conditions, the guts animals, extreme industrial processing settings. These properties make them an important microbe our daily lives. Currently, enterococcal are used food, pharmaceuticals, cheeses, leather, etc., contribute many other aspects. probiotic potential explored, good number probiotics commercialized. Unfortunately, emergence antibiotic resistance limits valuable contributions, hence, they now treated as opportunistic pathogens, being so-called common commensals. Both intrinsic acquired identified species. Generally, E. faecium faecalis, which considered more resistant virulent, respectively, responsible for than 80% infections. situation became worse when started develop last-resort antibiotics, like linezolid daptomycin. Enterococcus, having extensive applications lives, thus appeals studying profiling taking action before any disease outbreaks. Besides mortality morbidity, enterococci greatly affects probiotics. Probiotics free from may act reservoir harboring genes have transfer commensal pathogenic microbes. This chapter aims provide comprehensive analysis antimicrobial its implications on

Язык: Английский

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Comparative meta-analysis of prevalence and molecular features of high-priority Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis from the guts of food-producing and wild birds

Avian Pathology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 54

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Birds harbor Enterococcus faecium and faecalis as gut commensals but could acquire transmit high-priority strains. Following the PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies that reported antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of E. from samples food-producing (FPBs) wild birds (WBs) published 2005 to 2024 were screened major bibliographic databases. Random-effect models used determine pooled prevalences (PPs) vancomycin (VANR), ampicillin (AMPR), linezolid (LZDR) resistant non-duplicated (WBs). Of 36 studies, overall PP VANR-E. 1.8% 0.7%, respectively. AMPR-E. 1.6% 0.6%, LZDR-E. 1% 0.8%, Subgroup analyses revealed significant temporal variations in PPs (p < 0.05). FPBs had significantly higher VANR, AMPR LZDR than WBs Healthcare-associated vanA-carrying lineages (ST16, ST17, ST18, ST412) optrA-carrying (ST32, ST59, ST330) identified. In FPBs, Egypt highest (11.9%) (2.8%). Conversely, USA (2.4%). A frequency vancomycin- linezolid-resistant strains exists, are disproportionately distributed based on bird species, years study, countries, indicating varied selection pressure. Significantly prevalence was found, highlighting capacity birds.

Язык: Английский

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