Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024
Esophageal
cancer
is
a
common
and
lethal
digestive
system
malignancy,
both
treatment
efficacy
patient
survival
rates
face
significant
challenges.
In
recent
years,
exosomes
have
emerged
as
crucial
mediators
of
intercellular
communication,
demonstrating
tremendous
clinical
potential,
particularly
in
the
diagnosis,
treatment,
prognostic
evaluation
esophageal
cancer.
These
not
only
serve
biomarkers
for
early
diagnosis
prognosis
but
also
modulate
tumor
growth,
metastasis,
drug
resistance
by
delivering
bioactive
molecules.
Importantly,
can
act
carriers
cancer-related
therapeutic
agents,
optimizing
gene
therapy
strategies
to
enhance
while
reducing
toxicity
side
effects.
Despite
facing
challenges
applications
such
purification,
enrichment,
standardization
analytical
methods,
maintain
broad
prospects
application
with
potential
significantly
improve
outcomes
quality
life.
This
review
focuses
on
innovative
role
cancer,
exploring
their
value
safety
disease
monitoring
assessment
response.
Furthermore,
this
study
outlines
limitations
transitioning
exosome
research
from
basic
studies
applications,
well
solutions
future
directions
address
these
obstacles.
Journal of Virology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
imperative
for
developing
robust
tools
to
detect,
analyze,
and
characterize
viruses
has
become
increasingly
evident
as
they
continue
threaten
human
health.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
recent
advancements
in
studying
with
flow
virometry
(FV),
an
emerging
technique
that
gained
considerable
momentum
over
the
past
5
years.
These
include
application
of
FV
viral
surface
phenotyping,
protein
functionality,
virus
sorting,
vaccine
development,
diagnostics.
With
examples
illustrated
using
primary
data
from
our
studies,
demonstrate
is
a
powerful
yet
underutilized
methodology
that,
when
employed
best
practices
experimental
rigor,
can
be
highly
valuable
individual
virion
heterogeneity,
phenotypes,
virus-antibody
interactions.
also
address
current
challenges
performing
propose
strategies
overcome
these
obstacles,
outline
both
new
experienced
researchers.
Finally,
discuss
promising
future
prospects
within
broader
context
virology
research.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(13), С. 7492 - 7492
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024
Seminal
plasma
contains
a
heterogeneous
population
of
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
that
remains
poorly
characterized.
This
study
aimed
to
characterize
the
lipidomic
profile
two
subsets
differently
sized
sEVs,
small
(S-)
and
large
(L-),
isolated
from
porcine
seminal
by
size-exclusion
chromatography
characterized
an
orthogonal
approach.
High-performance
liquid
chromatography-high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
was
used
for
analysis.
A
total
157
lipid
species
14
classes
4
major
categories
(sphingolipids,
glycerophospholipids,
glycerolipids,
sterols)
were
identified.
Qualitative
differences
limited
cholesteryl
ester
present
only
in
S-sEVs.
L-sEVs
had
higher
levels
all
quantified
due
their
larger
membrane
surface
area.
The
distribution
pattern
different,
especially
sphingomyelins
(more
S-sEVs)
ceramides
L-sEVs).
In
conclusion,
this
reveals
suggesting
they
differ
biogenesis
functionality.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024
Seminal
plasma
(SP)
is
rich
in
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
which
are
still
poorly
studied,
especially
livestock
species.
To
better
understand
their
functional
role
both
spermatozoa
and
endometrial
epithelial
cells,
proper
characterization
of
EVs
an
essential
step.
The
objective
was
to
phenotypically
characterize
porcine
seminal
(sEVs)
using
cryogenic
electron
microscopy
(cryo-EM),
allows
visualization
native
state.
Porcine
ejaculates
released
fractions,
each
containing
SP
from
different
source.
This
sEVs
various
male
reproductive
tissues.
Two
experiments
were
performed,
the
first
with
entire
ejaculate
(n:6)
second
three
fractions
(n:15):
10
mL
sperm-rich
fraction
(SRF-P1)
mainly
epididymis,
remainder
SRF
(SRF-P2)
prostate,
post-SRF
vesicles.
isolated
by
size
exclusion
chromatography
1840
cryo-EM
sEV
images
acquired
a
Jeol-JEM-2200FS/CR-EM.
size,
density,
complexity,
peripheral
corona
layer
measured
ImageJ
software.
experiment
showed
that
structurally
morphologically
heterogeneous,
although
most
(83.1%)
small
(less
than
200
nm),
rounded,
electrodense,
some
have
coronal
layer.
There
also
larger
(16.9%)
irregularly
shaped,
more
few
common
SRF-P1
SRF-P2,
indicating
they
originated
epididymis
prostate.
Large
abundant
post-SRF,
heterogeneous.
would
be
explained
diversity
organs
origin.
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(4), С. 1988 - 2000
Опубликована: Март 26, 2024
Oral
drug
delivery
is
typically
preferred
as
a
therapeutic
intervention
due
to
the
complexities
and
expenses
associated
with
intravenous
administration.
However,
some
drugs
are
poorly
absorbed
orally,
requiring
administration
bypass
gastrointestinal
tract
deliver
directly
into
bloodstream.
Thus,
there
an
urgent
need
develop
novel
platforms
overcome
challenges
of
oral
low
solubility,
permeability,
degradation,
bioavailability.
Advances
in
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
natural
carriers
have
provided
emerging
approaches
improve
potential
applications.
Milk
not
only
contains
traditional
nutrients
but
also
rich
EVs.
In
this
Review,
we
focus
mainly
on
purification
milk
EVs
(mEVs),
their
safety,
advantages
mEV-based
combatting
intestinal
infections.
Additionally,
summarize
several
mEVs
over
conventional
synthetic
carriers,
such
immunogenicity,
high
biocompatibility,
ability
transfer
bioactive
molecules
between
cells.
Considering
unmet
gaps
clinical
translation,
it
essential
review
cargo
loading
future
perspectives
for
use
delivery.
This
overview
sheds
light
alternative
treat
infections
pathogens
development
systems.
Animal Reproduction Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
269, С. 107476 - 107476
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024
Despite
decades
of
research
and
handling
semen
for
use
in
artificial
insemination
(AI)
other
assisted
reproductive
technologies,
5-10%
selected
boar
sires
are
still
considered
sub-fertile,
escaping
current
assessment
methods
sperm
quality
resilience
to
preservation.
As
end-product,
the
ejaculate
(emitted
spermatozoa
sequentially
exposed
composite
seminal
plasma,
SP)
ought
define
homeostasis
testes,
epididymis,
accessory
sexual
glands.
Yet,
linking
findings
production
biology
fertility
is
suboptimal.
The
present
essay
critically
reviews
how
a
fertile
can
help
us
diagnose
both
health
handling,
focusing
on
-available
under
development-
identify
suitable
biomarkers
cryotolerance
fertility.
Bulk
SP,
proteins
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
have,
albeit
linked
function
after
AI,
failed
enhance
outcomes
at
commercial
level,
perhaps
just
being
components
complex
functional
pathway.
Hence,
focus
now
interaction
sperm-SP,
comparing
vivo
with
ex
vivo,
regarding
nano-sized
lipid
bilayer
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
as
priority.
sEVs
transport
fragile
molecules
(lipids,
proteins,
nucleic
acids)
which,
shielded
from
degradation,
mediate
cell-to-cell
communication
female
internal
genital
tract.
Such
modulates
essential
processes,
immunological
tolerance.
be
harvested,
characterized,
stored,
manipulated,
e.g.
used
andrological
diagnosis,
selection
breeders,
alternatively
additives
improve
cryosurvival
Animals,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(21), С. 3135 - 3135
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
This
systematic
review
examined
research
studies
on
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
of
the
male
reproductive
tract
in
livestock
species
to
summarize
topics
and
methodologies
used,
key
findings,
future
directions.
PubMed
Scopus
were
searched
for
time
ranges
up
1
September
2024,
1383
articles
identified.
The
application
screening
eligibility
criteria
resulted
selection
79
focusing
EVs
livestock.
Porcine
bovine
most
studied.
A
variety
EV
isolation
techniques
with
ultracentrifugation
being
common.
Characterization
was
a
weak
point,
only
24.05%
characterizing
according
MISEV
guidelines.
Inadequate
characterization
compromises
reliability
results.
results
19
that
provided
good
showed
from
are
phenotypically
compositionally
heterogeneous.
These
papers
also
these
would
be
involved
regulation
sperm
functionality.
Research
remains
scarce,
further
is
needed,
which
should
include
appropriate
aim
find
efficient
methods
isolate
them
assess
their
involvement
functionality
spermatozoa
cells
female
genital
tract.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(3), С. 1096 - 1096
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025
Sperm
cytoplasmic
droplets
(CDs)
are
remnants
of
cytoplasm
that
can
cause
a
number
problems
if
it
not
shed
from
the
sperm
after
ejaculation.
Exosomes
rapidly
bind
to
sperm,
but
is
clear
whether
exosomes
affect
migration
and
shedding
CDs.
We
first
extracted
characterized
seminal
plasma
boar
semen
containing
with
low
or
high
rates
Then,
transcriptomic
proteomic
detection
these
were
performed
analyze
differences
between
two
groups
exosomes.
The
results
revealed
486
differentially
expressed
genes
(DEGs),
40
proteins
(DEPs),
503
lncRNAs
(DElncRNAs)
identified
CD
rate
group
group.
Integrative
multi-omics
analysis
showed
exosome
components
may
by
influencing
cytoskeletal
regulation
insulin
signaling,
including
actin
cytoskeleton,
ECM–receptor
interaction,
axon
guidance,
secretion,
signaling
pathway.
Overall,
our
study
systematically
DEGs,
DEPs,
DElncRNAs
in
semen,
which
will
help
broaden
understanding
complex
molecular
mechanisms
involved
Biological Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
58(1)
Опубликована: Март 13, 2025
Abstract
Background
Oxidative
stress,
a
source
of
genotoxic
damage,
is
often
the
underlying
mechanism
in
many
functional
cell
disorders.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
been
shown
to
be
key
regulators
cellular
processes
and
may
involved
maintaining
redox
balance.
Herein,
we
aimed
develop
method
assess
effects
EVs
on
DNA
oxidation
using
porcine
seminal
plasma
extracellular
(sEVs).
Results
The
technique
was
set
cell-free
plasmid
avoid
bias
generated
by
uptake
sEVs
sperm
cells,
employing
increasing
concentrations
hydrogen
peroxide
(H
2
O
)
that
generate
single-strand
breaks
(SSBs).
Because
SSBs
contain
free
3’-OH
end
allow
extension
through
quantitative
PCR,
such
-and
therefore
SYBR
intensity-
showed
proportional
amount
SSB.
In
next
stage,
H
co-incubated
with
two
size-differentiated
subpopulations
(small
large)
permeabilized
non-permeabilized
whether
intravesicular
content
(IC)
or
surface
protects
from
oxidative
damage.
obtained
small
reduced
incidence
(
P
<
0.05),
whereas
large
had
no
impact
generation
>
0.05).
IC
protective
effect
against
Conclusions
Our
results
suggest
sEVs,
including
peripheral
corona
layer,
exert
function
alterations
are
originated
mechanisms.
addition,
our
vitro
study
opens
path
detect,
localize
quantify
derived
different
fluids,
elucidating
their
physiopathological
states.
