bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2024
Cranial
radiation
therapy
(RT)
for
brain
cancers
is
often
associated
with
the
development
of
radiation-induced
cognitive
dysfunction
(RICD).
RICD
significantly
impacts
quality
life
cancer
survivors,
highlighting
an
unmet
medical
need.
Previous
human
studies
revealed
a
marked
reduction
in
plasma
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
post-chronic
chemotherapy,
linking
this
decline
to
substantial
among
survivors.
Moreover,
riluzole
(RZ)-mediated
increased
BDNF
The Neuroscientist,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
Interneurons
(INs)
play
a
crucial
role
in
the
regulation
of
neural
activity
within
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC),
brain
region
critically
involved
executive
functions
and
behavioral
control.
In
recent
preclinical
studies,
dysregulation
INs
mPFC
has
been
implicated
pathophysiology
substance
use
disorder,
characterized
by
vulnerability
to
chronic
drug
use.
Here,
we
explore
diversity
their
connectivity
roles
addiction.
We
also
discuss
how
these
change
over
time
with
exposure.
Finally,
focus
on
noninvasive
stimulation
as
therapeutic
approach
for
targeting
highlighting
its
potential
restore
circuits.
Acta Neuropathologica Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025
Delayed
radiation-induced
brain
injury
(RIBI)
characterized
by
progressive
cognitive
decline
significantly
impacts
patient
outcomes
after
radiotherapy.
The
activation
of
NLRP3
inflammasome
within
microglia
radiation
is
involved
in
the
progression
RIBI
mediating
inflammatory
responses.
We
have
previously
shown
that
sulfonylurea
receptor
1-transient
potential
M4
(SUR1-TRPM4)
mediates
microglial
NLRP3-related
inflammation
following
global
ischemia.
However,
role
SUR1-TRPM4
remains
unclear.
Here,
we
found
whole-brain
induced
up-regulation
and
assembly
SUR1-TRPM4,
which
further
activated
caused
persistent
neuroinflammation
mice.
Blocking
glibenclamide
or
gene
deletion
Trpm4
effectively
prevented
NLRP3-mediated
alleviated
RIBI.
Utilizing
mouse
model
irradiated
BV2
cells,
demonstrated
irradiation
mitochondrial
damage
to
microglia,
leading
violent
release
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
enhanced
transcription
SUR1,
TRPM4,
inflammasome-related
molecules.
Moreover,
ROS
up-regulated
ten-eleven
translocation
2
(TET2)
enhance
TRPM4
expression
demethylation
promoter,
thereby
facilitating
microglia.
In
summary,
this
study
deciphers
crucially
under
action
radiation,
offering
novel
therapeutic
strategies
for
delayed
as
well
other
neurological
disorders
involving
excessive
production.
Brain stimulation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(3), С. 810 - 821
Опубликована: Март 19, 2025
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS)
is
a
non-invasive
brain
technique
used
to
modulate
neocortical
excitability,
with
expanding
applications
in
neurological
and
psychiatric
disorders.
However,
the
cellular
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
its
effects,
particularly
role
of
microglia
-the
resident
immune
cells
central
nervous
system-
remain
poorly
understood.
This
review
synthesizes
recent
findings
on
how
different
rTMS
protocols
influence
microglial
function
under
physiological
conditions
disease
models.
Emerging
evidence
indicates
that
modulates
activation,
promoting
neuroprotective
plasticity-enhancing
processes
not
only
models
disorders,
such
as
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
disease,
but
also
healthy
neural
circuits.
While
much
current
research
has
focused
inflammatory
profile
microglia,
critical
aspects
activity-dependent
synaptic
remodeling,
phagocytic
activity,
process
motility
underexplored.
Given
substantial
heterogeneity
responses
across
regions,
age,
sex,
well
their
differential
roles
health
deeper
understanding
involvement
rTMS-induced
plasticity
essential.
Future
studies
should
integrate
selective
manipulation
advanced
structural,
functional,
profiling
techniques
clarify
causal
involvement.
Addressing
these
gaps
will
be
pivotal
optimizing
maximizing
therapeutic
potential
spectrum
neuropsychiatric
conditions.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024
Introduction
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
neurodevelopmental
condition
that
affects
various
regions
of
the
brain.
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS)
safe
and
non-invasive
method
utilized
for
stimulating
different
brain
areas.
Our
objective
to
alleviate
ASD
symptoms
using
high-frequency
rTMS
(HF-rTMS)
in
rat
model
induced
by
valproic
acid
(VPA).
Methods
In
this
investigation,
we
applied
HF-rTMS
treatment,
focusing
on
hippocampus.
Behavioral
assessments
encompassed
core
behaviors,
as
well
memory
recognition
tests,
alongside
evaluations
anxiety
stress
coping
strategies.
Additionally,
analyzed
oxidative
related
inflammation
marker,
other
biochemical
components.
We
assessed
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF),
Microtubule-associated
protein-2
(MAP-2),
synaptophysin
(SYN).
Finally,
examined
dendritic
spine
density
CA1
area
Results
The
results
demonstrated
successfully
mitigated
symptoms,
reducing
improving
factors,
along
with
an
increase
density.
Discussion
Collectively,
our
data
suggests
may
effectively
symptoms.
These
findings
could
be
valuable
clinical
research
contribute
better
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
ASD.
