Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(6), С. 2973 - 2973

Опубликована: Март 15, 2021

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid critical for protein synthesis in humans that has emerged as a key player the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It only precursor neurotransmitter serotonin, which vital processing of emotional regulation, hunger, sleep, and pain, well colonic motility secretory activity gut. catabolites from kynurenine degradation pathway also modulate neural are active systemic inflammatory cascade. Additionally, tryptophan its metabolites support development central enteric nervous systems. Accordingly, dysregulation plays role pathogenesis many neurologic psychiatric disorders. Gut microbes influence metabolism directly indirectly, with corresponding changes behavior cognition. The gut microbiome thus garnered much attention therapeutic target both disorders where play prominent role. In this review, we will touch upon some these features their involvement health disease.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

Evidence supports the observational associations of gut microbiota with a variety psychiatric disorders, but causal nature such remains obscure. Aiming to comprehensively investigate their relationship and identify specific microbe taxa for diseases, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis microbiome 15 diseases. Specifically, genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 18,473 individuals from MiBioGen was used as exposure sample, GWAS diseases outcome samples. One-hundred ninety bacterial six levels were available analysis. At multiple-testing corrected significance level (phylum P < 5.56 × 10-3, class 3.33 order 2.63 family 1.67 genus 4.90 10-4, species 10-3), following eight seven features (one phylum + three classes one species) identified: Prevotellaceae autism spectrum disorder (P = 5.31 10-4), Betaproteobacteria bipolar 1.53 Actinobacteria schizophrenia 1.33 Bacteroidia Bacteroidales Tourette syndrome 2.51 10-3 extroversion 8.22 10-4 1.09 Clostridium innocuum neuroticism 8.92 10-4). Sensitivity showed no evidence reverse causality, pleiotropy, heterogeneity. Our findings offered novel insights into microbiota-mediated development mechanism disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(1), С. 20 - 20

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders affecting mostly elderly. It characterized by presence Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), resulting in cognitive memory impairment. Research shows that alteration gut microbial diversity defects brain axis are linked to AD. Probiotics known be one best preventative measures against decline Numerous vivo trials recent clinical have proven effectiveness selected bacterial strains slowing down progression probiotics modulate inflammatory process, counteract with oxidative stress, modify microbiota. Thus, this review summarizes current evidence, strains, AD, harmful for mechanism action preventing A literature search on databases such as PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Nature, Springer link identified potentially relevant articles topic. However, upon consideration inclusion criteria limitation publication year, only 22 been further reviewed. The query includes few sets keywords follows. (1) OR microbiome microbes AND (2) Alzheimer aging dementia (3) trial animal study. results evidenced study help clearly illustrate relationship between probiotic supplementation systematic will identify novel therapeutic strategies future free from triggering any adverse effects human body.

Язык: Английский

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Roles and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 28, 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal loss, caused several factors. Numerous clinical experimental studies have suggested involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis patients with AD. The altered can influence brain behavior through microbiota-gut-brain axis via various pathways such as increased amyloid-β deposits tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunctions, chronic oxidative stress. With no current effective therapy to cure AD, modulation may be promising therapeutic option prevent or delay onset AD counteract its progression. Our present review summarizes alterations pathogenetic roles mechanisms microbiota-targeted therapies for Understanding between will help decipher pathogenesis from novel perspectives shed light on strategies

Язык: Английский

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The role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of Alzheimer’s disease: A narrative review

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 75, С. 101556 - 101556

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for more than 50 million patients worldwide. Current evidence suggests exact mechanism behind this devastating to be multifactorial origin, which seriously complicates quest an effective disease-modifying therapy, as well impedes search strategic preventative measures. Of interest, preclinical studies point serotonergic alterations, either induced via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or receptor (ant)agonists, in mitigating AD brain neuropathology next its clinical symptoms, latter being supported by a handful human intervention trials. Additionally, substantial amount trials highlight potential diet, fecal microbiota transplantations, pre- and probiotics modulating brain’s neurotransmitter system, starting from gut. Whether such interventions could truly prevent, reverse slow down progression likewise, should initially tested with mouse models, including sufficient analytical measurements both gut brain. Thereafter, therapeutic effect confirmed rigorously randomized controlled humans, preferentially across continuum, but especially prodromal up mild stages, where high adherence therapies, room noticeable enhancement are feasible still. In end, might aid development comprehensive approach tackle complex disease, since derivatives microbiota-gut-brain axis serve possible biomarkers progression, forming valuable target drug development. narrative review, available concerning orchestrating role within summarized discussed, general considerations future highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Causal effects of gut microbiota on diabetic retinopathy: A Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022

Background Previous researches have implicated a vital association between gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on the of “gut-retina” axis. But their causal relationship has not been elucidated. Methods Instrumental variables 211 GM taxa were obtained from genome wide study (GWAS), Mendelian randomization was carried out to estimate effects DR risk FinnGen GWAS (14,584 cases 202,082 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) is main method analyze causality, MR results are verified by several sensitive analyses. Results As for taxa, IVW confirmed that family- Christensenellaceae ( P = 1.36×10 -2 ) Peptococcaceae 3.13×10 protective factors DR. Genus- Ruminococcaceae_UCG_011 4.83×10 -3 ), genus- Eubacterium_rectale_group 3.44×10 Adlercreutzia 4.82×10 correlated with At phylum, class order levels, we found no causally related &gt;0.05). Heterogeneity &gt;0.05) pleiotropy analysis robustness results. Conclusion We there potential some DR, which highlights axis offered new insights into GM-mediated mechanism Further explorations required will lead find biomarkers targeted prevention strategies

Язык: Английский

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Investigating Casual Associations Among Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 87(1), С. 211 - 222

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

Recent studies had explored that gut microbiota was associated with neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) through the gut-brain axis, among which metabolic pathways played an important role. However, underlying causality remained unclear.Our study aimed to evaluate potential causal relationships between microbiota, metabolites, Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.We selected genetic variants traits (N = 18,340) microbiota-derived metabolites 7,824) from genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics of were obtained IGAP (AD, 17,008 cases; 37,154 controls), IPDGC (PD, 37,688 141,779 IALSC (ALS, 20,806 59,804 controls) respectively.Greater abundance Ruminococcus (OR, 1.245; 95% CI, 1.103-1.405; p 0.0004) found significantly related higher risk ALS. Besides, our suggestive associations Actinobacteria, Lactobacillaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminiclostridium, Lachnoclostridium AD, Lentisphaerae, Lentisphaeria, Oxalobacteraceae, Victivallales, Bacillales, Eubacteriumhalliigroup, Anaerostipes, Clostridiumsensustricto1 PD, Lachnospira, Fusicatenibacter, Catenibacterium, Ruminococcusgnavusgroup Our also revealed 12 microbiome-dependent diseases. Glutamine lower AD. For serotonin pathway, as a protective factor while kynurenine for ALS.Our firstly applied two-sample MR approach detect findings may provide new targets treatments offer valuable insights further on mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids in Mood Disorders: An Overview

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 676 - 676

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Depression has a multifactorial etiology comprising family history and unemployment. This review aims to summarize the evidence available for antioxidant anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids in mood disorders. article’s methodologies were based on search PubMed database all linked published papers. Epidemiological studies indicate that diet rich vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish, olive oil may prevent development depression. Antioxidant supplementation been found combat various stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including depression anxiety. A growing body indicates have both anti-inflammatory. Studies also suggest poor dietary intake, particularly low intakes fruit vegetables high fast food other convenience foods, increase risk developing Thus, interventions potential help mitigate mental health decline general population those with Considering effects, it is expected they might exert promising antidepressant effect. Nevertheless, further (including interventional mechanistic studies) assessing effect preventing alleviating symptoms are needed.

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome modulates the transformation of microglial subtypes

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(4), С. 1611 - 1621

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Abstract Clinical and animal studies have shown that gut microbiome disturbances can affect neural function behaviors via the microbiota–gut–brain axis, may be implicated in pathogenesis of several brain diseases. However, exactly how modulates nervous system activity remains obscure. Here, using a single-cell nucleus sequencing approach, we sought to characterize cell type–specific transcriptomic changes prefrontal cortex hippocampus derived from germ-free (GF), specific pathogen free, colonized-GF mice. We found absence microbiota resulted cell-specific changes. Furthermore, microglia transcriptomes were preferentially influenced, which could effectively reversed by microbial colonization. Significantly, modulated mutual transformation microglial subpopulations two regions. Cross-species analysis showed transcriptome these mainly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) major depressive disorder (MDD), further supported behavioral tests. Our findings demonstrate modulate subtypes, lead new insights into AD MDD.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of vaginal microbiota transfer on the neurodevelopment and microbiome of cesarean-born infants: A blinded randomized controlled trial

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(7), С. 1232 - 1247.e5

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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