Loss of the ability to regenerate body appendages in vertebrates: from side effects of evolutionary innovations to gene loss
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
99(5), С. 1868 - 1888
Опубликована: Май 30, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
ability
to
regenerate
large
body
appendages
is
an
ancestral
trait
of
vertebrates,
which
varies
across
different
animal
groups.
While
anamniotes
(fish
and
amphibians)
commonly
possess
this
ability,
it
notably
restricted
in
amniotes
(reptiles,
birds,
mammals).
In
review,
we
explore
the
factors
contributing
loss
regenerative
capabilities
amniotes.
First,
analyse
potential
negative
impacts
on
appendage
regeneration
caused
by
four
evolutionary
innovations:
advanced
immunity,
skin
keratinization,
whole‐body
endothermy,
increased
size.
These
innovations
emerged
as
transitioned
terrestrial
habitats
were
correlated
with
a
decline
capability.
Second,
examine
role
played
regeneration‐related
enhancers
genes
initiated
these
fixation
inability
at
genomic
level.
We
propose
that
following
cessation
capacity,
highly
specific
could
represent
evolutionarily
neutral
event.
Consequently,
such
might
promptly
follow
suppression
side
effect
innovations.
By
contrast,
genes,
due
their
pleiotropic
functions,
would
only
take
place
if
was
accompanied
additional
compensated
for
functions
unrelated
regeneration,
remain
even
after
participation
lost.
Through
review
literature,
provide
evidence
that,
many
cases,
associated
significantly
delayed
relative
time
when
capability
hypothesise
delay
may
be
attributed
necessity
restructuring
developmental
mechanisms
create
conditions
where
beneficial
innovation
organism.
Experimental
investigation
downregulation
involved
but
absent
offers
promising
avenue
uncover
from
genes.
vast
majority
lost
(about
150
humans)
regulating
early
stages
limb
tail
anamniotes.
Disruption
stage,
rather
than
late
not
interfere
bud
development
during
embryogenesis,
share
similarities
those
operating
stage
regeneration.
most
approach
restoring
humans
involve
creating
analogs
embryonic
buds
using
stem
cell‐based
tissue‐engineering
methods,
followed
transfer
amputation
stump.
Due
required
specifically
more
effective
attempting
induce
both
directly
stump
itself.
Язык: Английский
The Change Rate of the Fbxl21 Gene and the Amino Acid Composition of Its Protein Correlate with the Species-Specific Lifespan in Placental Mammals
Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(10), С. 792 - 792
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024
This
article
proposes
a
methodology
for
establishing
relationship
between
the
change
rate
of
given
gene
(relative
to
taxon)
together
with
amino
acid
composition
proteins
encoded
by
this
and
traits
species
containing
gene.
The
is
illustrated
based
on
mammalian
genes
responsible
regulating
circadian
rhythms
that
underlie
number
human
disorders,
particularly
those
associated
aging.
methods
used
are
statistical
bioinformatic
ones.
A
systematic
search
orthologues,
pseudogenes,
losses
was
performed
using
our
previously
developed
methods.
It
demonstrated
least
conserved
Fbxl21
in
Euarchontoglires
superorder
exhibits
statistically
significant
connection
genomic
characteristics
(the
median
dN/dS
relative
all
other
orthologous
taxon,
as
well
preference
or
avoidance
certain
acids
its
protein)
species-specific
lifespan
body
weight.
In
contrast,
no
such
observed
Laurasiatheria
superorder.
study
goes
beyond
protein-coding
genes,
since
accumulation
substitutions
course
evolution
leads
pseudogenization
even
loss,
although
still
preserved.
proposed
examples
rhythm
placental
mammals,
e.g.,
longevity
connected
change,
specific
(e.g.,
asparagine
at
19th
position
CRY-binding
domain)
protein
Язык: Английский
Dissecting the mystery of embryonic scaling: The Scalers Hypothesis and its confirmation in sea urchin embryos
Cells and Development,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 203972 - 203972
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Regeneration, Regengrow and Tissue Repair in Animals: Evolution Indicates That No Regeneration Occurs in Terrestrial Environments but Only Recovery Healing
Journal of Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(1), С. 2 - 2
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2024
The
present,
brief
review
paper
summarizes
previous
studies
on
a
new
interpretation
of
the
presence
and
absence
regeneration
in
invertebrates
vertebrates.
Broad
is
considered
exclusive
aquatic
or
amphibious
animals
with
larval
stages
metamorphosis,
where
also
patterning
process
activated
for
whole-body
epimorphosis.
In
contrast,
terrestrial
vertebrates
can
only
repair
injury
loss
body
parts
through
variable
“recovery
healing”
tissues,
regengrow
scarring.
This
likely
derives
from
change
genomes
during
land
adaptation,
which
included
elimination
intense
metamorphosis.
conditions
are
incompatible
formation
embryonic
organs
that
necessary
broad
regeneration.
fact,
no
organ
survive
desiccation,
UV
ROS
exposition
land,
rapid
reparative
processes
without
patterning,
such
as
recovery
healing
scarring,
have
replaced
species.
depends
alteration
developmental
gene
pathways
sustaining
occurred
progenitor
marine
animals.
Terrestrial
stages,
like
those
present
insects
among
arthropods,
metamorphose
using
small
regions
indicated
imaginal
disks,
not
large
restructuring
aquatic-related
These
reform
appendages
molting,
regengrow,
Most
amniotes
injuries
scarring
healing,
occasionally
contemporaneous
conjunction
somatic
growth,
forming
sometimes
heteromorphic
organs.
Язык: Английский