Neuroimaging modalities in the detection of Alzheimer's disease-associated biomarkers

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Neuropathological changes in AD patients occur up to 10–20 years before emergence clinical symptoms. Specific diagnosis and appropriate intervention strategies are crucial during phase mild cognitive impairment (MCI) AD. The detection biomarkers has emerged as a promising tool for tracking efficacy potential therapies, making an early diagnosis, prejudging treatment prognosis. Specifically, multiple neuroimaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, optical imaging, single photon emission-computed have provided few application. MRI modalities described this review include structural MRI, functional diffusion tensor spectroscopy, arterial spin labelling. These techniques allow presymptomatic diagnostic brains cognitively normal elderly people might also be used monitor progression after onset This highlights biomarkers, merits, demerits different their value MCI patients. Further studies necessary explore more overcome limitations inclusion criteria

Язык: Английский

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Detection of neurophysiological markers of cognitive reserve: an EEG study

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024

Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain that allows for better-than-expected cognitive performance relative to degree change over course life. However, neurophysiological markers CR remain under-investigated. Electroencephalography (EEG) features may function as suitable CR. To assess this, we investigated whether dorsal attention network (DAN) and ventral (VAN) activities, measured during resting-state EEG, moderate relationship between hippocampal volume episodic memory.

Язык: Английский

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From light to insight: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for unravelling cognitive impairment during task performance

BioScience Trends, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 19(1), С. 53 - 71

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Cognitive impairment refers to the of higher brain functions such as perception, thinking or memory that affects individual's ability perform daily social activities. Studies have found changes in neuronal activity during tasks patients with cognitive are closely related cerebral cortical hemodynamics. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is an indirect method measure neural based on blood oxygen concentration cortex. Due its strong anti-motion interference, high compatibility, and almost no restriction participants environment, it has shown great potential research field impairment. Recognizing these benefits, this comprehensive review systematically elucidates rationale, historical development, advantages disadvantages functional spectroscopy, also discusses applications combining other detection techniques. Additionally, summarized how can be applied caused by different diseases, ultimately aiding study mechanisms activities, which crucial for diagnosis, differentiation treatment

Язык: Английский

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Functional dynamic network connectivity differentiates biological patterns in the Alzheimer's disease continuum

Neurobiology of Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106866 - 106866

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be conceptualized as a network-based syndrome. Network alterations are linked to the molecular hallmarks of AD, involving amyloid-beta and tau accumulation, consecutively neurodegeneration. By combining resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed whether different biological patterns AD identified through data-driven approach matched specific abnormalities in brain dynamic connectivity. We three main patient clusters. The first group displayed mild pathological alterations. second cluster exhibited typical behavioral impairment alongside pathology. third demonstrated similar but with divergent (low) neurodegeneration (high) profile. Univariate multivariate analyses revealed two connectivity encompassing default mode network occipito-temporal cortex, respectively atypical patterns. These results support key association between macro-scale Dynamic markers assist identifying patients AD-like clinical profiles underlying pathologies.

Язык: Английский

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Immunity impacts cognitive deficits across neurological disorders

Journal of Neurochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2023

Abstract Cognitive deficits are a common comorbidity with neurological disorders and normal aging. Inflammation is associated multiple diseases including classical neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) autoimmune sclerosis (MS), in which over half of all patients experience some form cognitive deficits. Other degenerative the central nervous system (CNS) frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Parkinson's (PD) well traumatic brain injury (TBI) psychological like major depressive disorder (MDD), even aging have cytokine‐associated reductions function. Thus, there likely commonality between these secondary inflammation. Neurological increasingly substantial neuroinflammation, CNS‐resident cells secrete cytokines chemokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α interleukins (ILs) IL‐1β IL‐6. also respond to wide variety chemokines, can both direct effects on neurons by changing expression ion channels perturbing electrical properties, indirect through glia–glia immune‐glia cross‐talk. There significant overlap cytokine chemokine profiles across diseases, TNFα IL‐6 strongly disorders. Here, we review involvement various AD, MS, FTLD, PD, TBI, MDD, absence dementia. We propose that neuropsychiatric phenotypes observed may be at least partially attributable dysregulation immunity resulting pathological from non‐resident cells. image

Язык: Английский

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Intersection of Brain Complexity, Functional Connectivity, and Neuropsychology: A Systematic Review

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

The definition of brain complexity is based on the principal property coexistence a high degree integration and differentiation within single neural system. Despite fruitful scope emerging studies involving applicability metrics, there notable scarcity research focusing qualitative characteristics conscious systems, which are recognized for their complexity. These expressed in complex cognitive processes, reflecting interaction between distinct neuropsychological domains, such as attention, memory, language, executive functions (EFs). Cognitive flexibility inhibitory control, instance, emerge from dynamic distributed networks, underscoring interdependence functioning. In light this, present study aimed to evaluate how addressing measures functional connectivity complexity, obtained through resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), relate aspects. To achieve systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) strategy. Studies were searched PubMed, CAPES Periodicals, Virtual Health Library databases identify relevant published 2019 March 2024. Articles included type, sample characteristics, methodological aspects, specific listed variables. Exclusion criteria encompassed theoretical studies, animal research, children/adolescents, well those psychiatric conditions, psychoactive substance use, intervention evaluations (e.g., transcranial stimulation), disorders consciousness, due limitations applying measures. Possible include exclusion with populations clinical may limit generalizability findings broader, more diverse groups. After selection criteria, 30 articles chosen fully analyzed. results allowed establishment landscape this area, initially highlighting greater number focused compared directed at Additionally, EFs identified most frequently addressed domain consistent commonly used evaluative research: Trail Making Test (TMT), Symbol Digit Modalities (SDMT), verbal fluency tasks. suggest that an area still its early stages development, gaps in-depth understanding relationships network metrics

Язык: Английский

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Behavioral and dysexecutive variant of Alzheimer's disease: Insights from structural and molecular imaging studies

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(8), С. e29420 - e29420

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Frontal variant Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests with either behavioral or dysexecutive syndromes. Recent efforts to gain a deeper understanding of this phenotype have led re-conceptualization frontal AD. Behavioral (bAD) and (dAD) phenotypes could be considered subtypes, as suggested by both clinical neuroimaging studies. In review, we focused on imaging studies highlight specific brain patterns in these two uncommon AD phenotypes. Although did not compare directly variants, common epicenter located the cortex inferred. On contrary, 18

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the neurocognitive correlates of suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder: The role of frontoparietal and default mode networks

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 177, С. 211 - 218

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The graded multidimensional geometry of phenotypic variation and progression in neurodegenerative syndromes

Brain, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

Clinical variants of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration display a spectrum cognitive-behavioural changes varying between individuals over time. Understanding the landscape these graded individual-/group-level longitudinal variations is critical for precise phenotyping; however, this remains challenging to model. Addressing challenge, we leverage National Coordinating Center database derive unified geometric framework phenotypic variation in degeneration. We included three time-point, clinical data from 390 typical, atypical intermediate (114 typical disease; 107 behavioural variant dementia; 42 motor degeneration; 103 primary progressive aphasia patients). On data, applied advanced data-science approaches low-dimensional spaces capturing core features underpinning progression syndromes. To do so, first used principal component analysis six axes patient-specific movement along across axes. Then, distilled into visualisable 2D manifold using Uniform Manifold Approximation Projection. Both geometries together enabled assimilation inter-relation paradigmatic mixed cases, dynamic individual trajectories, linking syndromic variability neuropathology key end-points such as survival. Through geometries, show that (i) specific syndromes (Alzheimer's aphasia) converge time de-differentiated pooled phenotype, while others (frontotemporal dementia variants) diverge look different generic phenotype; (ii) diversification predicted by simultaneous multiple axes, manner syndromes; (iii) predicts survival at 36 months syndrome-specific pathological groupings. The resultant mapping dynamics underlying evolution potentially holds paradigm-changing implications predicting phenotype-neurobiological

Язык: Английский

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Patterns of gray and white matter functional networks involvement in glioblastoma patients: indirect mapping from clinical MRI scans

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023

Background Resting-state functional-MRI studies identified several cortical gray matter functional networks (GMNs) and white (WMNs) with precise anatomical localization. Here, we aimed at describing the relationships between brain’s topological organization glioblastoma (GBM) location. Furthermore, assessed whether GBM distribution across these was associated overall survival (OS). Materials methods We included patients histopathological diagnosis of IDH-wildtype GBM, presurgical MRI data. For each patient, recorded clinical-prognostic variables. core edema were segmented normalized to a standard space. Pre-existing connectivity-based atlases used define network parcellations: 17 GMNs 12 WMNs considered in particular. computed percentage lesion overlap WMNs, both for edema. Differences percentages through descriptive statistics, ANOVA, post-hoc tests, Pearson’s correlation tests canonical correlations. Multiple linear non-linear regression employed explore OS. Results 99 (70 males, mean age 62 years). The most involved ventral somatomotor, salient attention default-mode networks; frontoparietal tracts, deep frontal matter, superior longitudinal fasciculus system. Superior system dorsal tracts significantly more ( p < 0.001). 5 main patterns found, while localization less classifiable. ANOVA showed significant differences percentages, separately -values<0.0001). Core-N12 predicts higher OS, although its inclusion does not increase explained OS variance. Discussion conclusion Both preferentially specific especially associative networks, follows five patterns. Some inter-related co-lesioned by suggesting that is independent structural organization. Although involvement (N12) seems have some role predicting survival, network-topology information scarcely informative about fMRI-based approaches may effectively demonstrate effects on brain survival.

Язык: Английский

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