Clinical metagenomics

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(6), С. 341 - 355

Опубликована: Март 27, 2019

Clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), the comprehensive analysis of microbial and host genetic material (DNA RNA) in samples from patients, is rapidly moving research to clinical laboratories. This emerging approach changing how physicians diagnose treat infectious disease, with applications spanning a wide range areas, including antimicrobial resistance, microbiome, human gene expression (transcriptomics) oncology. Here, we focus on challenges implementing mNGS laboratory address potential solutions for maximizing its impact patient care public health. (mNGS) bench bedside. Review discusses mNGS, disease diagnostics, microbiome analyses, response analyses oncology applications. Moreover, authors review that need be overcome successfully implemented propose maximize benefits patients.

Язык: Английский

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Aedes aegypti vector competence studies: A review

Infection Genetics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 67, С. 191 - 209

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2018

Aedes aegypti is the primary transmitter of four viruses that have had greatest impact on human health, causing yellow fever, dengue chikungunya, and Zika fever. Because this mosquito easy to rear in laboratory these grow tissue culture cells, many studies been performed testing relative competence different populations transmit strains viruses. We review here large literature including effect microbiota competence. heterogeneity both virus used, as well methods measuring potential transmit, it very difficult perform detailed meta-analysis studies. However, a few conclusions can be drawn: (1) almost no population Ae. 100% naturally refractory infection. Complete susceptibility infection has observed for (ZIKV), (DENV) chikungunya (CHIKV), but not fever (YFV); (2) dose used directly correlated rate infection; (3) Brazilian are particularly susceptible DENV-2 infections; (4) Asian lineage ZIKV less infective from American continent than African lineage; (5) adaptation species mosquitoes demonstrated with CHIKV; (6) co-infection more one sometimes causes displacement while other cases little effect; (7) also important effects level arboviral (8) resistance due may direct (e.g., bacteria producing antiviral proteins) or indirect activating host innate immune system; (9) non-pathogenic insect specific (ISVs) common genome insertions. These too shown an pathogenic One clear conclusion would great advance type research implement standardized procedures order obtain comparable reproducible results.

Язык: Английский

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Host-microbiota interactions: from holobiont theory to analysis

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2019

In the recent years, holobiont concept has emerged as a theoretical and experimental framework to study interactions between hosts their associated microbial communities in all types of ecosystems. The spread this many branches biology results from fairly realization ubiquitous nature host-associated microbes central role host biology, ecology, evolution. Through special series "Host-microbiota interactions: theory analysis," we wanted promote field research which considerable implications for human health, food production, ecosystem protection. preface, highlight collection articles selected issue that show, use, or debate approach taxonomically ecologically diverse organisms, humans plants sponges insects. We also identify some methodological challenges propose directions future on holobionts.

Язык: Английский

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Composition and functional roles of the gut microbiota in mosquitoes

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 28, С. 59 - 65

Опубликована: Май 22, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Aedes spp. and Their Microbiota: A Review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2019

Aedes spp. are a major public health concern due to their ability be efficient vectors of dengue, Chikungunya, Zika and other arboviruses. With limited vaccines available no effective therapeutic treatments against arboviruses, the control populations is currently only strategy prevent disease transmission. Host-associated microbes (i.e. microbiota) recently emerged as promising field explored for novel environmentally-friendly vector strategies. In particular, gut microbiota revealing its impact on multiple aspects biology, including competence, thus being target manipulation. Here we describe technological advances, which expanding our understanding composition, abundance, variability function in two main arboviral vectors, mosquitoes aegypti albopictus. described light tight connections with environment, interact during various developmental stages. Unravelling dynamic interactions among ecology habitat, mosquito have potential uncover physiological interdependencies provide perspective control.

Язык: Английский

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Mosquito Microbiota and Implications for Disease Control

Trends in Parasitology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 36(2), С. 98 - 111

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2020

Mosquito-borne diseases are typically prevalent in the tropical belt of world. However, these conquering temperate regions, raising question role temperature on their dynamics and expansion. Temperature is one most significant abiotsic factors affecting, many ways, insect vectors pathogens they transmit. Here, we debate truth this claim by synthesizing current knowledge effects arboviruses vectors, as well outcome interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Factors shaping the gut bacterial community assembly in two main Colombian malaria vectors

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2018

The understanding of the roles gut bacteria in fitness and vectorial capacity mosquitoes that transmit malaria, is improving; however, factors shaping composition structure such bacterial communities remain elusive. In this study, a high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted to understand effect developmental stage, feeding status, species, geography on microbiota two main Colombian malaria vectors, Anopheles nuneztovari darlingi. results revealed mosquito followed by geographical location, are more important determinants than species or adult status. Further, they showed major filter for environmental colonization. sampling design analytical approach study allowed untangle influence simultaneously Latin-American essential aspect vector biocontrol strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Both living bacteria and eukaryotes in the mosquito gut promote growth of larvae

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12(7), С. e0006638 - e0006638

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2018

We recently reported that larval stage Aedes aegypti and several other species of mosquitoes grow when living bacteria are present in the gut but do not absent. further induce a hypoxia signal gut, which activates hypoxia-induced transcription factors processes larvae require for growth. In this study we assessed whether types organisms mosquito to asked if density non-living microbes or diet fed obviate requirement prior results indicated required Using culture conditions identical our own studies, determined inoculation Escherichia coli positively affected growth rates Ae. larvae, whereas E. had no effect on across same range densities. A yeast, alga, insect cell line induced axenic first instars grow, stimulated similar levels midgut hypoxia, HIF-α stabilization, neutral lipid accumulation fat body as coli. However, heat-killed. addition, molted two diets, diets supplemented with heat-killed lysed microbes. Experiments conducted An. gambiae yielded findings. Taken together, indicate from different prokaryotic eukaryotic groups were identified absence organisms.

Язык: Английский

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Update on the intricate tango between tick microbiomes and tick‐borne pathogens

Parasite Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(5)

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2020

The recent development of high-throughput NGS technologies, (ie, next-generation sequencing) has highlighted the complexity tick microbial communities-which include pathogens, symbionts, and commensals-and also their dynamic variability. Symbionts commensals can confer crucial diverse benefits to hosts, playing nutritional roles or affecting fitness, development, nutrition, reproduction, defence against environmental stress immunity. Nonpathogenic bacteria may play a role in modifying tick-borne pathogen colonization transmission, as relationships between microorganisms existing together one environment be competitive, exclusive, facilitating absent, with many potential implications for both human animal health. Consequently, ticks represent compelling yet challenging system which investigate composition functional ecological bacterial communities, thus merits greater attention. Ultimately, deciphering carried by well symbiont-tick interactions will garner invaluable information, aid some future arthropod-pest vector-borne transmission control strategies. This review outlines research on microbiome dynamics, highlights elements favouring reciprocal influence agents finally discusses how diseases might potentially controlled through manipulation future.

Язык: Английский

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