Diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer: A molecular perspective

World Journal of Clinical Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

This editorial comments on the review by Da Silva et al , published in World Journal of Clinical Oncology which focuses molecular perspectives lung cancer. With rapid development technology, new diagnostic methods are constantly emerging, including liquid biopsy, identification gene mutations, and monitoring biomarkers, thus providing precise information with to identify occurrence Biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells, DNA, RNA can provide helpful for clinical application. Common types genetic mutations immune checkpoints include epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, c-ROS proto-oncogene 1, programmed death-1 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein. According specific targeted therapy immunotherapy improve survival outcomes based mutation checkpoints. The application approaches facilitate our ability control progression disease select appropriate therapeutic strategies patients

Язык: Английский

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Fatty acid metabolism-derived prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma: unraveling the link to survival and immune response

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors globally, characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism plays a crucial role in LUAD progression. This study aims to develop prognostic model based on improve overall LUAD. Materials methods Bioinformatics analyses were performed using TCGA GEO datasets, supplemented cell experiments. A total 309 metabolism-related genes identified from MsigDB. Differentially expressed analyzed ‘limma’ R package. was constructed LASSO regression validated with survival via ‘survminer’, ‘survival’, ‘pROC’ packages. The analysis included somatic mutations, tumor mutation burden, clinical correlations, stemness analysis, cytokine enrichment analysis. Protein interaction networks STRING Cytoscape, while immune infiltration immunotherapy responses evaluated ‘oncoPredict’ Results through experiments immunohistochemistry staining lung tissues. We 125 differentially related metabolism, 33 significantly associated prognosis. Patients high-risk group had poorer progression-free survival, risk score correlated gender, N stage, T stage. also cancer stem cells, higher mRNAsi index group. Additionally, various expressions showed significant cycle pathways. Key like CDK1 highly lines samples. low-risk better checkpoint inhibitors, correlating gene expression. Conclusion successfully established novel which provides valuable insights for treatment

Язык: Английский

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Investigation of sphingolipid-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is responsible for majority cases of lung cancer and considered to be the primary cause cancer-related mortality. The imbalance cellular proliferation apoptosis critically implicated in pathogenesis progression LUAD. Sphingomyelin, a vital lipid component, integral regulation tumor cell growth apoptosis, has garnered significant attention as target novel anticancer therapies. pivotal molecules involved sphingomyelin metabolism are crucial modulating behavior, thereby influencing clinical outcomes. Methods A comprehensive consensus clustering analysis was conducted by collecting LUAD figures from TCGA GEO databases. By employing Cox regression Lasso analysis, prognostic model patients established identifying seven sphingolipid-related genes (SRGs), validated database. study also delved into relevance, functional capabilities, immune implications signals associated with sphingolipid metabolism. Finally, experiments vitro confirmed sphingolipid-associated Results Using model, can divided high-risk low-risk groups. Meanwhile, we observe marked disparities survival times among these Additionally, demonstrates high predictive accuracy external validation cohorts. Research on microenvironment immunotherapy points this risk stratification useful reference immunotherapeutic strategies our hypothesis corroborated through experiments. Conclusion This that gene characteristics correlate recurrence, long-term prognosis, infiltration patients. outcomes could help shape innovative early intervention prognosis prediction adenocarcinoma.

Язык: Английский

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Prognostic factors in locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical and radiomic analysis of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy before surgery

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Background The treatment of locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LAESCC) without distant metastasis remains a subject debate. Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NIC) combined with surgery is the preferred initial approach for managing LAESCC. However, information on clinical efficacy and survival patients LAESCC treated NIC followed by limited. Methods This retrospective analysis aimed to identify predictors effectiveness patient survival. We developed Cox proportional hazards model Kaplan–Meier curve estimate progression-free (PFS) overall (OS) following surgery. Results Overall, 225 were divided into training (157) test set (68) (7:3). After median follow-up 2.86 years, death was observed as positive event in 41 (26.1%). It statistically significant construct prediction combining radiomics features pre- post-NIC predict PFS OS showed highest performance predicting both disease-free compared or models. multivariate regression identified smoking (HR = 1.417, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.875–2.293, p 0.156), Ki67(HR 2.426, 1.506–3.908, 0.000) postRad-S1 1.867, CI: 1.053–3.311, 0.033) independent covariates associated high PFS. While Ki67 postRad-S2 prognostic factors significantly 1.521, 0.821–2.818, 0.183; HR 1.912, 1.001–3.654, 0.050, respectively). Conclusion For surgery, effectively evaluated predicted OS. Additionally, different OS, providing clues future studies.

Язык: Английский

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Prognostic and immunological implications of protein kinases in gastric cancer: a focus on hub gene ABL2 and its impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages

Biology Direct, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Март 24, 2025

Protein kinases are essential cellular signal modulators involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune response, and drug resistance. However, the comprehensive features clinical significance of protein gastric cancer (GC) remain inconclusive. We analyzed transcriptional profiles GC patients from GEO TCGA databases. Based on differentially expressed kinase genes (DE-KGs), a novel cluster was identified to assess its association with patient survival tumor microenvironment (TME) GC. Subsequently, an optimal DE-KGs-based model (DE-KGsM) determined using 101 machine-learning algorithm combinations. This evaluated multi-omics data investigate associations prognosis, features, microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating cells (TIICs), immunotherapy response. Furthermore, scRNA-seq analysis TIMER were applied determine correlation between hub gene (ABL2) DE-KGsM Macrophages. Finally, vitro experiments performed explore immune-related mechanisms ABL2 two molecular subtypes based 64 DE-KGs expression. Significant differences observed overall TIIC characteristics Cluster 1 2. Among these DE-KGs, we that could be prognostic indicator TIICs TIDE analyses exhibited high-DE-KGsM score group had higher proportion M2 macrophages lower response rates ICI treatment. indicated might play indispensable role immunity. demonstrated accelerated proliferation, migration, invasion cells, as well polarization macrophages. The powerful predictor patients' facilitate development personalized therapy. DE-KGsM, immunological biomarker modulates macrophages, thereby promoting progression. Not applicable.

Язык: Английский

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Nanotechnology-assisted lung cancer diagnosis: biomarkers and imaging

Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 27(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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